/* ===== variables.less ===== */
/**
 * @file plugins/themes/birmandTheme/styles/variables.less
 * Birmand Journal Theme - CSS Variables & Design Tokens
 */

:root {
    /* Brand Colors */
    --birmand-navy: #062653;
    --birmand-dark-navy: #031a3a;
    --birmand-blue: #096fc7;
    --birmand-bright-blue: #0d8fea;
    --birmand-gold: #e9ad25;
    --birmand-gold-dark: #c98d10;
    --birmand-white: #ffffff;
    --birmand-bg: #f6f8fb;
    --birmand-light-bg: #eef3f8;
    --birmand-border: #dbe3ec;
    --birmand-text: #12213f;
    --birmand-muted: #5e6b7c;
    --birmand-success: #16784f;
    --birmand-error: #c0392b;
    --birmand-warning: #d4a017;

    /* Layout */
    --birmand-radius: 6px;
    --birmand-radius-lg: 10px;
    --birmand-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(5, 30, 70, 0.08);
    --birmand-shadow-hover: 0 8px 24px rgba(5, 30, 70, 0.12);
    --birmand-shadow-sm: 0 2px 8px rgba(5, 30, 70, 0.06);
    --birmand-max-width: 1440px;
    --birmand-header-height: 72px;
    --birmand-nav-height: 52px;
    --birmand-strip-height: 56px;

    /* Typography */
    --birmand-font-sans: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;
    --birmand-font-serif: 'Merriweather', Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
    --birmand-font-mono: 'SF Mono', Monaco, 'Cascadia Code', monospace;

    /* Spacing */
    --birmand-space-xs: 4px;
    --birmand-space-sm: 8px;
    --birmand-space-md: 16px;
    --birmand-space-lg: 24px;
    --birmand-space-xl: 32px;
    --birmand-space-2xl: 48px;
    --birmand-space-3xl: 64px;

    /* Transitions */
    --birmand-transition-fast: 150ms ease;
    --birmand-transition-base: 250ms ease;
    --birmand-transition-slow: 350ms ease;
}

/* Reduced motion */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    *,
    *::before,
    *::after {
        animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
        animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
        transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    }
}


/* ===== header.less ===== */
/**
 * @file plugins/themes/birmandTheme/styles/header.less
 * Birmand Journal Theme - Header Styles
 */

/* Top Header */
.birmand-top-header {
    background: var(--birmand-white);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
    padding: var(--birmand-space-sm) 0;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 100;
}

.birmand-top-header__inner {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-lg);
}

/* Brand Area */
.birmand-brand {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-md);
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
}

.birmand-brand:hover {
    text-decoration: none;
}

.birmand-brand__logo {
    height: 48px;
    width: auto;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.birmand-brand__logo img {
    height: 100%;
    width: auto;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.birmand-brand__divider {
    width: 1px;
    height: 36px;
    background: var(--birmand-border);
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.birmand-brand__journal {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 2px;
}

.birmand-brand__journal-name {
    font-size: 1.125rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--birmand-text);
    line-height: 1.3;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.birmand-brand__journal-abbrev {
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

/* Top Header Actions */
.birmand-top-header__actions {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-md);
}

/* Search */
.birmand-search {
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.birmand-search__input {
    width: 220px;
    padding: 8px 36px 8px 14px;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    border: 1.5px solid var(--birmand-border);
    border-radius: 100px;
    background: var(--birmand-bg);
    transition: all var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-search__input:focus {
    width: 280px;
    background: var(--birmand-white);
    border-color: var(--birmand-blue);
    outline: none;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(9, 111, 199, 0.1);
}

.birmand-search__submit {
    position: absolute;
    right: 4px;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    background: none;
    border: none;
    padding: 6px;
    cursor: pointer;
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    border-radius: 50%;
    transition: color var(--birmand-transition-fast), background var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-search__submit:hover,
.birmand-search__submit:focus {
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    background: var(--birmand-light-bg);
}

.birmand-search__submit svg {
    width: 18px;
    height: 18px;
}

/* Auth Links */
.birmand-auth {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-sm);
}

.birmand-auth__link {
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--birmand-text);
    padding: 8px 14px;
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius);
    transition: all var(--birmand-transition-fast);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.birmand-auth__link:hover,
.birmand-auth__link:focus {
    background: var(--birmand-light-bg);
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.birmand-auth__register {
    background: var(--birmand-navy);
    color: var(--birmand-white) !important;
}

.birmand-auth__register:hover,
.birmand-auth__register:focus {
    background: var(--birmand-dark-navy);
}

/* User Menu (when logged in) */
.birmand-user-menu {
    position: relative;
}

.birmand-user-menu__toggle {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-sm);
    padding: 8px 14px;
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--birmand-text);
    background: var(--birmand-light-bg);
    border: none;
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-user-menu__toggle:hover,
.birmand-user-menu__toggle:focus {
    background: var(--birmand-border);
}

.birmand-user-menu__toggle svg {
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
    transition: transform var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-user-menu__toggle[aria-expanded="true"] svg {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}

.birmand-user-menu__dropdown {
    position: absolute;
    top: calc(100% + 8px);
    right: 0;
    min-width: 200px;
    background: var(--birmand-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--birmand-shadow-hover);
    padding: var(--birmand-space-sm);
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transform: translateY(-8px);
    transition: all var(--birmand-transition-fast);
    z-index: 200;
}

.birmand-user-menu__dropdown.is-open {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.birmand-user-menu__dropdown a {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-sm);
    padding: 10px 14px;
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    color: var(--birmand-text);
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius);
    transition: all var(--birmand-transition-fast);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.birmand-user-menu__dropdown a:hover,
.birmand-user-menu__dropdown a:focus {
    background: var(--birmand-light-bg);
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Submission Button */
.birmand-submission-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-sm);
    padding: 10px 18px;
    background: var(--birmand-navy);
    color: var(--birmand-white);
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius);
    transition: all var(--birmand-transition-fast);
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.birmand-submission-btn:hover,
.birmand-submission-btn:focus {
    background: var(--birmand-dark-navy);
    color: var(--birmand-white);
    text-decoration: none;
    box-shadow: var(--birmand-shadow);
}

.birmand-submission-btn svg {
    width: 18px;
    height: 18px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}


/* ===== navigation.less ===== */
/**
 * @file plugins/themes/birmandTheme/styles/navigation.less
 * Birmand Journal Theme - Navigation & Info Strip Styles
 */

/* Main Navigation */
.birmand-nav {
    background: var(--birmand-navy);
    position: relative;
    z-index: 50;
}

.birmand-nav__inner {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
}

/* Primary Menu */
.birmand-nav__menu {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    gap: 0;
}

.birmand-nav__item {
    position: relative;
}

.birmand-nav__link {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-xs);
    padding: 14px 18px;
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all var(--birmand-transition-fast);
    position: relative;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.birmand-nav__link:hover,
.birmand-nav__link:focus {
    color: var(--birmand-white);
    text-decoration: none;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
}

.birmand-nav__link:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--birmand-gold);
    outline-offset: -2px;
}

.birmand-nav__link--active {
    color: var(--birmand-white);
    font-weight: 600;
}

.birmand-nav__link--active::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 18px;
    right: 18px;
    height: 2px;
    background: var(--birmand-gold);
    border-radius: 1px;
}

/* Dropdown */
.birmand-nav__dropdown-toggle {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 4px;
}

.birmand-nav__dropdown-toggle svg {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
    opacity: 0.7;
    transition: transform var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-nav__item:hover .birmand-nav__dropdown-toggle svg,
.birmand-nav__item:focus-within .birmand-nav__dropdown-toggle svg {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}

.birmand-nav__submenu {
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 0;
    min-width: 220px;
    background: var(--birmand-dark-navy);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    border-radius: 0 0 var(--birmand-radius) var(--birmand-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--birmand-shadow-hover);
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: var(--birmand-space-sm);
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    transition: all var(--birmand-transition-fast);
    z-index: 60;
}

.birmand-nav__item:hover .birmand-nav__submenu,
.birmand-nav__item:focus-within .birmand-nav__submenu {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.birmand-nav__submenu li {
    margin: 0;
}

.birmand-nav__submenu a {
    display: block;
    padding: 10px 14px;
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius);
    transition: all var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-nav__submenu a:hover,
.birmand-nav__submenu a:focus {
    color: var(--birmand-white);
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Mobile Menu Toggle */
.birmand-mobile-toggle {
    display: none;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    color: var(--birmand-white);
    cursor: pointer;
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius);
    transition: background var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-mobile-toggle:hover,
.birmand-mobile-toggle:focus {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}

.birmand-mobile-toggle:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--birmand-gold);
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

.birmand-mobile-toggle svg {
    width: 24px;
    height: 24px;
}

/* Journal Info Strip */
.birmand-info-strip {
    background: var(--birmand-white);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
    padding: var(--birmand-space-md) 0;
}

.birmand-info-strip__inner {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-xl);
}

.birmand-info-strip__item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-sm);
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--birmand-text);
}

.birmand-info-strip__item svg {
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
    color: var(--birmand-blue);
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.birmand-info-strip__item span {
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.birmand-info-strip__label {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
}


/* ===== homepage.less ===== */
/**
 * @file plugins/themes/birmandTheme/styles/homepage.less
 * Birmand Journal Theme - Homepage Styles
 */

/* Hero Section */
.birmand-hero {
    background: var(--birmand-white);
    padding: var(--birmand-space-3xl) 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
}

.birmand-hero__inner {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.2fr;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-3xl);
    align-items: center;
}

/* Hero Left - Cover Image */
.birmand-hero__cover {
    position: relative;
}

.birmand-hero__cover-img {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 480px;
    aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--birmand-shadow-hover);
    border: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
}

.birmand-hero__cover-fallback {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 480px;
    aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--birmand-navy) 0%, var(--birmand-blue) 100%);
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius-lg);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: var(--birmand-space-xl);
    text-align: center;
    box-shadow: var(--birmand-shadow-hover);
}

.birmand-hero__cover-fallback svg {
    width: 64px;
    height: 64px;
    color: var(--birmand-gold);
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-md);
}

.birmand-hero__cover-fallback h3 {
    color: var(--birmand-white);
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-sm);
}

.birmand-hero__cover-fallback p {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    margin: 0;
}

/* Hero Right - Content */
.birmand-hero__content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-lg);
}

.birmand-hero__welcome {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    margin: 0;
}

.birmand-hero__title {
    font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4vw, 2.5rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--birmand-text);
    line-height: 1.2;
    margin: 0;
}

.birmand-hero__title span {
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
}

.birmand-hero__description {
    font-size: 1.0625rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
    margin: 0;
    max-width: 600px;
}

.birmand-hero__description p {
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-md);
}

.birmand-hero__description p:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Value Cards */
.birmand-value-cards {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: var(--birmand-space-md);
    margin-top: var(--birmand-space-md);
}

.birmand-value-card {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-md);
    padding: var(--birmand-space-lg);
    background: var(--birmand-bg);
    border: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius);
    transition: all var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-value-card:hover {
    border-color: var(--birmand-gold);
    box-shadow: var(--birmand-shadow-sm);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.birmand-value-card__icon {
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: var(--birmand-white);
    border: 1.5px solid var(--birmand-gold);
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius);
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.birmand-value-card__icon svg {
    width: 22px;
    height: 22px;
    color: var(--birmand-gold);
}

.birmand-value-card__content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 2px;
}

.birmand-value-card__title {
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--birmand-text);
    margin: 0;
}

.birmand-value-card__desc {
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
    margin: 0;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Homepage Layout with Sidebar */
.birmand-homepage-layout {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 340px;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-2xl);
    padding: var(--birmand-space-2xl) 0;
}

/* Announcements Panel */
.birmand-announcements {
    background: var(--birmand-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--birmand-shadow-sm);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.birmand-announcements__header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: var(--birmand-space-lg);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
    background: var(--birmand-light-bg);
}

.birmand-announcements__title {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-sm);
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--birmand-text);
    margin: 0;
}

.birmand-announcements__title svg {
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
    color: var(--birmand-gold);
}

.birmand-announcements__view-all {
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--birmand-blue);
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 2px;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.birmand-announcements__view-all:hover {
    color: var(--birmand-bright-blue);
}

.birmand-announcements__list {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.birmand-announcement {
    padding: var(--birmand-space-lg);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
    transition: background var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-announcement:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.birmand-announcement:hover {
    background: var(--birmand-bg);
}

.birmand-announcement__link {
    display: block;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
}

.birmand-announcement__link:hover {
    text-decoration: none;
}

.birmand-announcement__title {
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--birmand-text);
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-xs);
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.birmand-announcement__summary {
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
    line-height: 1.5;
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-xs);
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.birmand-announcement__date {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--birmand-blue);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}

/* Latest Articles Section */
.birmand-latest-articles {
    padding: var(--birmand-space-2xl) 0;
}

.birmand-article-cards {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    gap: var(--birmand-space-lg);
}

.birmand-article-card {
    background: var(--birmand-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--birmand-shadow-sm);
    overflow: hidden;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    transition: all var(--birmand-transition-fast);
    height: 100%;
}

.birmand-article-card:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--birmand-shadow-hover);
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    border-color: var(--birmand-gold);
}

.birmand-article-card__header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: var(--birmand-space-md) var(--birmand-space-lg);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
    background: var(--birmand-light-bg);
}

.birmand-article-card__type {
    font-size: 0.6875rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    background: var(--birmand-white);
    padding: 3px 10px;
    border-radius: 100px;
    border: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
}

.birmand-article-card__oa-icon {
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
    color: var(--birmand-success);
}

.birmand-article-card__body {
    padding: var(--birmand-space-lg);
    flex: 1;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-sm);
}

.birmand-article-card__title {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.4;
    color: var(--birmand-text);
    margin: 0;
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.birmand-article-card__title a {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.birmand-article-card__title a:hover,
.birmand-article-card__title a:focus {
    color: var(--birmand-blue);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.birmand-article-card__authors {
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
    line-height: 1.5;
    margin: 0;
}

.birmand-article-card__meta {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-md);
    margin-top: auto;
    padding-top: var(--birmand-space-md);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
}

.birmand-article-card__date {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 4px;
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
}

.birmand-article-card__date svg {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
}

.birmand-article-card__views {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 4px;
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
}

.birmand-article-card__views svg {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
}

.birmand-article-card__footer {
    padding: var(--birmand-space-md) var(--birmand-space-lg);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
    background: var(--birmand-bg);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-sm);
}

.birmand-article-card__pdf {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 4px;
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 4px 10px;
    background: var(--birmand-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius);
    transition: all var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-article-card__pdf:hover,
.birmand-article-card__pdf:focus {
    border-color: var(--birmand-navy);
    background: var(--birmand-light-bg);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.birmand-article-card__pdf svg {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
}

/* Statistics Panel */
.birmand-statistics {
    padding: var(--birmand-space-2xl) 0;
    background: var(--birmand-white);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
}

.birmand-statistics__grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr);
    gap: var(--birmand-space-lg);
}

.birmand-stat {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    padding: var(--birmand-space-lg);
    gap: var(--birmand-space-sm);
}

.birmand-stat__icon {
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: var(--birmand-light-bg);
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius);
}

.birmand-stat__icon svg {
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
    color: var(--birmand-blue);
}

.birmand-stat__value {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    line-height: 1;
}

.birmand-stat__label {
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}

/* Shortcut Cards */
.birmand-shortcuts {
    padding: var(--birmand-space-2xl) 0;
}

.birmand-shortcuts__grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: var(--birmand-space-lg);
}

.birmand-shortcut {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-lg);
    padding: var(--birmand-space-xl);
    background: var(--birmand-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--birmand-shadow-sm);
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
    transition: all var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-shortcut:hover,
.birmand-shortcut:focus {
    border-color: var(--birmand-gold);
    box-shadow: var(--birmand-shadow);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
}

.birmand-shortcut__icon {
    width: 52px;
    height: 52px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: var(--birmand-light-bg);
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius);
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.birmand-shortcut__icon svg {
    width: 24px;
    height: 24px;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
}

.birmand-shortcut__content {
    flex: 1;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 2px;
}

.birmand-shortcut__title {
    font-size: 1.0625rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--birmand-text);
    margin: 0;
}

.birmand-shortcut__desc {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
    margin: 0;
}

.birmand-shortcut__arrow {
    width: 24px;
    height: 24px;
    color: var(--birmand-gold);
    flex-shrink: 0;
    transition: transform var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-shortcut:hover .birmand-shortcut__arrow,
.birmand-shortcut:focus .birmand-shortcut__arrow {
    transform: translateX(4px);
}


/* ===== articles.less ===== */
/**
 * @file plugins/themes/birmandTheme/styles/articles.less
 * Birmand Journal Theme - Article & Issue Styles
 */



/* ===== footer.less ===== */
/**
 * @file plugins/themes/birmandTheme/styles/footer.less
 * Birmand Journal Theme - Footer Styles
 */

.birmand-footer {
    background: var(--birmand-navy);
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    margin-top: auto;
}

.birmand-footer__main {
    padding: var(--birmand-space-3xl) 0;
}

.birmand-footer__grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1.5fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1.2fr;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-2xl);
}

/* Footer Column */
.birmand-footer__col {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-md);
}

.birmand-footer__col-title {
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--birmand-white);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-sm);
}

/* Publisher Identity Column */
.birmand-footer__brand {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-md);
}

.birmand-footer__logo {
    height: 48px;
    width: auto;
}

.birmand-footer__logo img {
    height: 100%;
    width: auto;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.birmand-footer__tagline {
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    margin: 0;
}

.birmand-footer__social {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-sm);
    margin-top: var(--birmand-space-sm);
}

.birmand-footer__social-link {
    width: 36px;
    height: 36px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    border-radius: 50%;
    color: var(--birmand-white);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-footer__social-link:hover,
.birmand-footer__social-link:focus {
    background: var(--birmand-gold);
    color: var(--birmand-dark-navy);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.birmand-footer__social-link svg {
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
}

/* Footer Links */
.birmand-footer__links {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-sm);
}

.birmand-footer__links li {
    margin: 0;
}

.birmand-footer__links a {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all var(--birmand-transition-fast);
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 2px 0;
}

.birmand-footer__links a:hover,
.birmand-footer__links a:focus {
    color: var(--birmand-gold);
    text-decoration: none;
    padding-left: 4px;
}

/* Indexing Partners */
.birmand-footer__partners {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-md);
    align-items: center;
}

.birmand-footer__partner {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: var(--birmand-space-sm);
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius);
    transition: background var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-footer__partner:hover {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}

.birmand-footer__partner svg,
.birmand-footer__partner img {
    height: 28px;
    width: auto;
    opacity: 0.9;
}

/* Contact Column */
.birmand-footer__contact-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-sm);
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
}

.birmand-footer__contact-item svg {
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
    color: var(--birmand-gold);
    flex-shrink: 0;
    margin-top: 2px;
}

.birmand-footer__contact-item a {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.birmand-footer__contact-item a:hover,
.birmand-footer__contact-item a:focus {
    color: var(--birmand-gold);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Footer Bottom */
.birmand-footer__bottom {
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    padding: var(--birmand-space-lg) 0;
    text-align: center;
}

.birmand-footer__copyright {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
    margin: 0;
}

/* Light Footer Variant */
.birmand-footer--light {
    background: var(--birmand-white);
    color: var(--birmand-text);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
}

.birmand-footer--light .birmand-footer__col-title {
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
}

.birmand-footer--light .birmand-footer__tagline {
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
}

.birmand-footer--light .birmand-footer__social-link {
    background: var(--birmand-light-bg);
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
}

.birmand-footer--light .birmand-footer__social-link:hover {
    background: var(--birmand-navy);
    color: var(--birmand-white);
}

.birmand-footer--light .birmand-footer__links a {
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
}

.birmand-footer--light .birmand-footer__links a:hover {
    color: var(--birmand-blue);
}

.birmand-footer--light .birmand-footer__contact-item {
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
}

.birmand-footer--light .birmand-footer__contact-item svg {
    color: var(--birmand-blue);
}

.birmand-footer--light .birmand-footer__contact-item a {
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
}

.birmand-footer--light .birmand-footer__contact-item a:hover {
    color: var(--birmand-blue);
}

.birmand-footer--light .birmand-footer__partner {
    background: var(--birmand-light-bg);
}

.birmand-footer--light .birmand-footer__bottom {
    border-top-color: var(--birmand-border);
}

.birmand-footer--light .birmand-footer__copyright {
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
}


/* ===== forms.less ===== */
/**
 * @file plugins/themes/birmandTheme/styles/forms.less
 * Birmand Journal Theme - Form & Page Styles
 */

/* Login / Registration Pages */
.birmand-auth-page {
    padding: var(--birmand-space-3xl) 0;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
}

.birmand-auth-card {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 480px;
    background: var(--birmand-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--birmand-shadow);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.birmand-auth-card__header {
    padding: var(--birmand-space-xl);
    background: var(--birmand-navy);
    text-align: center;
}

.birmand-auth-card__header h1 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--birmand-white);
    margin: 0;
}

.birmand-auth-card__header p {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    margin: var(--birmand-space-sm) 0 0 0;
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
}

.birmand-auth-card__body {
    padding: var(--birmand-space-xl);
}

.birmand-form-group {
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-lg);
}

.birmand-form-group label {
    display: block;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-xs);
    color: var(--birmand-text);
}

.birmand-form-group input,
.birmand-form-group select,
.birmand-form-group textarea {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 12px 14px;
    font-size: 1rem;
    border: 1.5px solid var(--birmand-border);
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius);
    background: var(--birmand-white);
    color: var(--birmand-text);
    transition: all var(--birmand-transition-fast);
    font-family: var(--birmand-font-sans);
}

.birmand-form-group input:focus,
.birmand-form-group select:focus,
.birmand-form-group textarea:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: var(--birmand-blue);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(9, 111, 199, 0.1);
}

.birmand-form-group .field-description {
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
    margin-top: 4px;
}

.birmand-form-actions {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-md);
    margin-top: var(--birmand-space-xl);
}

.birmand-form-actions .birmand-btn {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
}

.birmand-form-links {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-md);
    margin-top: var(--birmand-space-lg);
    font-size: 0.875rem;
}

.birmand-form-links a {
    color: var(--birmand-blue);
}

/* Search Page */
.birmand-search-page {
    padding: var(--birmand-space-xl) 0;
}

.birmand-search-form {
    background: var(--birmand-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius-lg);
    padding: var(--birmand-space-xl);
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-2xl);
}

.birmand-search-form__row {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-md);
    align-items: flex-end;
}

.birmand-search-form__field {
    flex: 1;
}

/* Search Results */
.birmand-search-results__count {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-lg);
}

.birmand-search-result {
    background: var(--birmand-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius-lg);
    padding: var(--birmand-space-lg);
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-lg);
    transition: all var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-search-result:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--birmand-shadow);
    border-color: var(--birmand-gold);
}

.birmand-search-result__title {
    font-size: 1.125rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-xs);
}

.birmand-search-result__title a {
    color: var(--birmand-text);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.birmand-search-result__title a:hover {
    color: var(--birmand-blue);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.birmand-search-result__authors {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-xs);
}

.birmand-search-result__abstract {
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
    line-height: 1.6;
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
}

/* About / Static Pages */
.birmand-page {
    padding: var(--birmand-space-xl) 0;
}

.birmand-page__header {
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-2xl);
    padding-bottom: var(--birmand-space-lg);
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--birmand-border);
}

.birmand-page__header h1 {
    font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 3vw, 2.25rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    margin: 0;
}

.birmand-page__content {
    font-size: 1.0625rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    color: var(--birmand-text);
}

.birmand-page__content h2 {
    font-size: 1.375rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    margin-top: var(--birmand-space-2xl);
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-md);
    padding-bottom: var(--birmand-space-sm);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
}

.birmand-page__content h3 {
    font-size: 1.125rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--birmand-text);
    margin-top: var(--birmand-space-xl);
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-sm);
}

.birmand-page__content ul,
.birmand-page__content ol {
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-lg);
}

.birmand-page__content li {
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-xs);
}

/* Editorial Team */
.birmand-editorial-team__group {
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-2xl);
}

.birmand-editorial-team__group-title {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-lg);
    padding-bottom: var(--birmand-space-sm);
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--birmand-gold);
    display: inline-block;
}

.birmand-editorial-team__grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: var(--birmand-space-lg);
}

.birmand-editor {
    background: var(--birmand-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius-lg);
    padding: var(--birmand-space-lg);
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-md);
    align-items: flex-start;
    transition: all var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-editor:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--birmand-shadow);
    border-color: var(--birmand-gold);
}

.birmand-editor__photo {
    width: 64px;
    height: 64px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    object-fit: cover;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    border: 2px solid var(--birmand-border);
}

.birmand-editor__photo-placeholder {
    width: 64px;
    height: 64px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--birmand-light-bg);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.birmand-editor__photo-placeholder svg {
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
}

.birmand-editor__info {
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 0;
}

.birmand-editor__name {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--birmand-text);
    margin-bottom: 2px;
}

.birmand-editor__role {
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--birmand-blue);
    margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.birmand-editor__institution {
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
    line-height: 1.4;
}

/* 404 / Error Pages */
.birmand-error-page {
    padding: var(--birmand-space-3xl) 0;
    text-align: center;
}

.birmand-error-page__code {
    font-size: clamp(4rem, 10vw, 8rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    line-height: 1;
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-md);
    opacity: 0.3;
}

.birmand-error-page__title {
    font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--birmand-text);
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-md);
}

.birmand-error-page__message {
    font-size: 1.0625rem;
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-xl);
    max-width: 500px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}


/* ===== responsive.less ===== */
/**
 * @file plugins/themes/birmandTheme/styles/responsive.less
 * Birmand Journal Theme - Responsive Styles
 */

/* Large Desktop */
@media (min-width: 1440px) {
    .birmand-container {
        padding-left: var(--birmand-space-2xl);
        padding-right: var(--birmand-space-2xl);
    }
}

/* Desktop */
@media (max-width: 1200px) {
    .birmand-article-cards {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    }

    .birmand-statistics__grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    }

    .birmand-footer__grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    }


    .birmand-editorial-team__grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }
}

/* Laptop */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
    .birmand-hero__inner {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: var(--birmand-space-2xl);
    }

    .birmand-hero__cover,
    .birmand-hero__cover-fallback {
        max-width: 100%;
    }

    .birmand-homepage-layout {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .birmand-issue-header {
        grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr;
    }

    .birmand-shortcuts__grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }

    .birmand-value-cards {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }

    .birmand-footer__grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }
}

/* Tablet */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    html {
        font-size: 15px;
    }

    .birmand-top-header__inner {
        flex-wrap: wrap;
        gap: var(--birmand-space-md);
    }

    .birmand-brand__journal-name {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }

    .birmand-top-header__actions {
        width: 100%;
        justify-content: space-between;
    }

    .birmand-search__input {
        width: 180px;
    }

    .birmand-search__input:focus {
        width: 220px;
    }

    /* Mobile Navigation */
    .birmand-mobile-toggle {
        display: flex;
    }

    .birmand-nav__menu {
        display: none;
        position: absolute;
        top: 100%;
        left: 0;
        right: 0;
        background: var(--birmand-dark-navy);
        flex-direction: column;
        padding: var(--birmand-space-md);
        box-shadow: var(--birmand-shadow-hover);
        border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    }

    .birmand-nav__menu.is-open {
        display: flex;
    }

    .birmand-nav__item {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .birmand-nav__link {
        padding: 12px 16px;
        width: 100%;
        justify-content: space-between;
    }

    .birmand-nav__link--active::after {
        left: 16px;
        right: 16px;
    }

    .birmand-nav__submenu {
        position: static;
        opacity: 1;
        visibility: visible;
        transform: none;
        box-shadow: none;
        background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
        border: none;
        padding-left: var(--birmand-space-lg);
        display: none;
    }

    .birmand-nav__item.is-open .birmand-nav__submenu {
        display: block;
    }

    /* Info Strip */
    .birmand-info-strip__inner {
        gap: var(--birmand-space-md);
    }

    .birmand-info-strip__item {
        font-size: 0.8125rem;
    }

    /* Hero */
    .birmand-hero {
        padding: var(--birmand-space-2xl) 0;
    }

    .birmand-value-cards {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    /* Latest Articles */
    .birmand-article-cards {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }

    /* Statistics */
    .birmand-statistics__grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
        gap: var(--birmand-space-md);
    }

    .birmand-stat {
        padding: var(--birmand-space-md);
    }

    /* Shortcuts */
    .birmand-shortcuts__grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .birmand-shortcut {
        padding: var(--birmand-space-lg);
    }

    /* Footer */
    .birmand-footer__grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
        gap: var(--birmand-space-xl);
    }

    /* Issue Page */
    .birmand-issue-header {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .birmand-issue-cover {
        max-width: 240px;
        margin: 0 auto;
    }

    .birmand-issue-info__meta {
        justify-content: center;
    }


    /* Editorial Team */
    .birmand-editorial-team__grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    /* Article Sidebar */

    /* Search */
    .birmand-search-form__row {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: stretch;
    }

    /* Auth */
    .birmand-auth-card {
        margin: 0 var(--birmand-space-md);
    }
}

/* Mobile */
@media (max-width: 576px) {
    html {
        font-size: 14px;
    }

    .birmand-container {
        padding-left: var(--birmand-space-md);
        padding-right: var(--birmand-space-md);
    }

    .birmand-top-header {
        padding: var(--birmand-space-sm) 0;
    }

    .birmand-brand {
        gap: var(--birmand-space-sm);
    }

    .birmand-brand__logo {
        height: 36px;
    }

    .birmand-brand__divider {
        height: 28px;
    }

    .birmand-brand__journal-name {
        font-size: 0.9375rem;
    }

    .birmand-brand__journal-abbrev {
        font-size: 0.6875rem;
    }

    .birmand-top-header__actions {
        flex-wrap: wrap;
        gap: var(--birmand-space-sm);
    }

    .birmand-search {
        order: 3;
        width: 100%;
    }

    .birmand-search__input {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .birmand-search__input:focus {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .birmand-auth {
        order: 1;
    }

    .birmand-submission-btn {
        order: 2;
        padding: 8px 14px;
        font-size: 0.875rem;
    }

    .birmand-auth__link {
        padding: 6px 10px;
        font-size: 0.875rem;
    }

    /* Hero */
    .birmand-hero__title {
        font-size: 1.5rem;
    }

    .birmand-hero__description {
        font-size: 0.9375rem;
    }

    /* Latest Articles */
    .birmand-article-cards {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    /* Statistics */
    .birmand-statistics__grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }

    .birmand-stat__value {
        font-size: 1.25rem;
    }

    /* Footer */
    .birmand-footer__grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: var(--birmand-space-xl);
    }

    .birmand-footer__col {
        text-align: center;
    }

    .birmand-footer__brand {
        align-items: center;
    }

    .birmand-footer__social {
        justify-content: center;
    }

    .birmand-footer__partners {
        justify-content: center;
    }


    /* Issue TOC */
    .birmand-issue-article {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: var(--birmand-space-md);
    }

    .birmand-issue-article__actions {
        flex-direction: row;
        align-items: center;
    }

    /* Article Page */

    /* Page */
    .birmand-page__header h1 {
        font-size: 1.5rem;
    }

    /* Section titles */
    .birmand-section-title {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        gap: var(--birmand-space-sm);
    }
}

/* Small Mobile */
@media (max-width: 375px) {
    .birmand-statistics__grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .birmand-value-cards {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .birmand-shortcut {
        flex-direction: column;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .birmand-shortcut__arrow {
        display: none;
    }
}

/* Print Styles */
@media print {

    body {
        background: white !important;
        color: black !important;
    }

    a {
        text-decoration: none !important;
        color: black !important;
    }

    .birmand-card {
        box-shadow: none !important;
        border: 1px solid #ccc !important;
    }
}


/* ===== rtl.less ===== */
/**
 * @file plugins/themes/birmandTheme/styles/rtl.less
 * Birmand Journal Theme - RTL (Right-to-Left) Styles
 */

[dir="rtl"] {
    /* Base direction */
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;

    /* Typography */
    h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, li, td, th {
        text-align: right;
    }

    ul, ol {
        padding-left: 0;
        padding-right: var(--birmand-space-lg);
    }

    /* Header */
    .birmand-top-header__inner {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
    }

    .birmand-brand {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
    }

    .birmand-top-header__actions {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
    }

    .birmand-auth {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
    }

    /* Navigation */
    .birmand-nav__inner {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
    }

    .birmand-nav__menu {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
    }

    .birmand-nav__submenu {
        left: auto;
        right: 0;
    }

    .birmand-mobile-toggle {
        margin-left: 0;
        margin-right: auto;
    }

    /* Info Strip */
    .birmand-info-strip__inner {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
    }

    .birmand-info-strip__item {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
    }

    /* Hero */
    .birmand-hero__inner {
        direction: rtl;
    }

    .birmand-value-card {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
    }

    .birmand-value-card__content {
        text-align: right;
    }

    /* Homepage Layout */
    .birmand-homepage-layout {
        direction: rtl;
    }

    /* Announcements */
    .birmand-announcements__header {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
    }

    .birmand-announcement__link {
        text-align: right;
    }

    /* Article Cards */
    .birmand-article-cards {
        direction: rtl;
    }

    .birmand-article-card__header {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
    }

    .birmand-article-card__meta {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
    }

    /* Statistics */
    .birmand-statistics__grid {
        direction: rtl;
    }

    /* Shortcuts */
    .birmand-shortcuts__grid {
        direction: rtl;
    }

    .birmand-shortcut {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
    }

    .birmand-shortcut__content {
        text-align: right;
    }

    .birmand-shortcut:hover .birmand-shortcut__arrow,
    .birmand-shortcut:focus .birmand-shortcut__arrow {
        transform: translateX(-4px);
    }

    /* Section Titles */
    .birmand-section-title {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
    }

    .birmand-section-title h2::before {
        margin-right: 0;
        margin-left: var(--birmand-space-sm);
    }

    /* Footer */
    .birmand-footer__grid {
        direction: rtl;
    }

    .birmand-footer__links {
        text-align: right;
    }

    .birmand-footer__links a:hover,
    .birmand-footer__links a:focus {
        padding-left: 0;
        padding-right: 4px;
    }

    .birmand-footer__social {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
    }

    .birmand-footer__partners {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
    }

    .birmand-footer__contact-item {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
        text-align: right;
    }

    /* Article Page */

    /* Issue Page */
    .birmand-issue-header {
        direction: rtl;
    }

    .birmand-issue-article {
        direction: rtl;
    }

    .birmand-issue-article__actions {
        align-items: flex-start;
    }


    /* Editorial Team */
    .birmand-editorial-team__grid {
        direction: rtl;
    }

    .birmand-editor {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
    }

    .birmand-editor__info {
        text-align: right;
    }

    /* Search */
    .birmand-search-form__row {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
    }

    .birmand-search-result {
        text-align: right;
    }

    /* Auth */
    .birmand-auth-card {
        direction: rtl;
    }

    .birmand-form-actions {
        direction: rtl;
    }

    .birmand-form-links {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
    }

    /* User Menu */
    .birmand-user-menu__dropdown {
        right: auto;
        left: 0;
    }

    .birmand-user-menu__dropdown a {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
    }

    /* Buttons */
    .birmand-btn {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
    }

    /* Mobile Menu */
    .birmand-nav__menu.is-open {
        direction: rtl;
    }

    .birmand-nav__submenu {
        padding-left: 0;
        padding-right: var(--birmand-space-lg);
    }

    /* Tables */
    th, td {
        text-align: right;
    }

    /* Blockquotes */
    blockquote {
        border-left: none;
        border-right: 4px solid var(--birmand-gold);
        padding-left: 0;
        padding-right: var(--birmand-space-lg);
    }
}


/* ===== global/base ===== */
/**
 * @file plugins/themes/birmandTheme/styles/index.less
 * Birmand Journal Theme - Main Stylesheet
 * Imports all component stylesheets
 */


/* Base Reset & Global Styles */
*,
*::before,
*::after {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

html {
    font-size: 16px;
    -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
    -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
    font-family: var(--birmand-font-sans);
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--birmand-text);
    background-color: var(--birmand-bg);
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
    min-height: 100vh;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

/* Skip to content link */
.skip-to-content {
    position: absolute;
    top: -100%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    z-index: 10000;
    background: var(--birmand-navy);
    color: var(--birmand-white);
    padding: var(--birmand-space-sm) var(--birmand-space-lg);
    border-radius: 0 0 var(--birmand-radius) var(--birmand-radius);
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: top var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.skip-to-content:focus {
    top: 0;
}

/* Typography */
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
    font-family: var(--birmand-font-sans);
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.25;
    color: var(--birmand-text);
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-md);
}

h1 { font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4vw, 2.625rem); }
h2 { font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.125rem); }
h3 { font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2.5vw, 1.5rem); }
h4 { font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 2vw, 1.25rem); }
h5 { font-size: 1.1rem; }
h6 { font-size: 1rem; }

p {
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-md);
}

a {
    color: var(--birmand-blue);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

a:hover,
a:focus {
    color: var(--birmand-bright-blue);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

a:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--birmand-gold);
    outline-offset: 2px;
    border-radius: 2px;
}

img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
}

/* Lists */
ul, ol {
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-md);
    padding-left: var(--birmand-space-lg);
}

li {
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-xs);
}

/* Container */
.birmand-container {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: var(--birmand-max-width);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding-left: var(--birmand-space-lg);
    padding-right: var(--birmand-space-lg);
}

/* Main content area */
#main-content {
    flex: 1;
    padding-top: var(--birmand-space-xl);
    padding-bottom: var(--birmand-space-3xl);
}

/* Buttons */
.birmand-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-sm);
    padding: 10px 20px;
    font-family: var(--birmand-font-sans);
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.4;
    text-decoration: none;
    border: none;
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all var(--birmand-transition-fast);
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.birmand-btn:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--birmand-gold);
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

.birmand-btn--primary {
    background: var(--birmand-navy);
    color: var(--birmand-white);
}

.birmand-btn--primary:hover,
.birmand-btn--primary:focus {
    background: var(--birmand-dark-navy);
    color: var(--birmand-white);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.birmand-btn--accent {
    background: var(--birmand-gold);
    color: var(--birmand-dark-navy);
}

.birmand-btn--accent:hover,
.birmand-btn--accent:focus {
    background: var(--birmand-gold-dark);
    color: var(--birmand-dark-navy);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.birmand-btn--outline {
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    border: 1.5px solid var(--birmand-border);
}

.birmand-btn--outline:hover,
.birmand-btn--outline:focus {
    border-color: var(--birmand-navy);
    background: var(--birmand-light-bg);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.birmand-btn--ghost {
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    padding: 8px 12px;
}

.birmand-btn--ghost:hover,
.birmand-btn--ghost:focus {
    background: var(--birmand-light-bg);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.birmand-btn--sm {
    padding: 6px 14px;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
}

.birmand-btn--lg {
    padding: 14px 28px;
    font-size: 1rem;
}

/* Cards */
.birmand-card {
    background: var(--birmand-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--birmand-shadow-sm);
    transition: box-shadow var(--birmand-transition-fast);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.birmand-card:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--birmand-shadow);
}

.birmand-card__body {
    padding: var(--birmand-space-lg);
}

/* Badges */
.birmand-badge {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-xs);
    padding: 3px 10px;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
    border-radius: 100px;
    background: var(--birmand-light-bg);
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
    border: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
}

.birmand-badge--primary {
    background: var(--birmand-navy);
    color: var(--birmand-white);
    border-color: var(--birmand-navy);
}

.birmand-badge--accent {
    background: var(--birmand-gold);
    color: var(--birmand-dark-navy);
    border-color: var(--birmand-gold);
}

.birmand-badge--success {
    background: #e8f5ee;
    color: var(--birmand-success);
    border-color: #c3e6d5;
}

/* Section titles */
.birmand-section-title {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-xl);
    padding-bottom: var(--birmand-space-md);
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--birmand-border);
}

.birmand-section-title h2 {
    font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2.5vw, 1.5rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--birmand-text);
    margin: 0;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-sm);
}

.birmand-section-title h2::before {
    content: '';
    display: inline-block;
    width: 4px;
    height: 24px;
    background: var(--birmand-gold);
    border-radius: 2px;
}

.birmand-section-title__link {
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--birmand-blue);
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-xs);
}

.birmand-section-title__link:hover {
    color: var(--birmand-bright-blue);
}

.birmand-section-title__link svg {
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
    transition: transform var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-section-title__link:hover svg {
    transform: translateX(3px);
}

/* Utility classes */
.birmand-sr-only {
    position: absolute;
    width: 1px;
    height: 1px;
    padding: 0;
    margin: -1px;
    overflow: hidden;
    clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
    white-space: nowrap;
    border: 0;
}

.birmand-text-muted {
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
}

.birmand-text-small {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
}

.birmand-text-center {
    text-align: center;
}

.birmand-flex {
    display: flex;
}

.birmand-flex-between {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
}

.birmand-grid {
    display: grid;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-lg);
}

.birmand-grid--4 {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
}

.birmand-grid--3 {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
}

.birmand-grid--2 {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
}

/* OJS overrides - preserve functionality */
.pkp_structure_main {
    background: transparent !important;
}

.pkp_structure_sidebar {
    background: transparent !important;
}

/* Form elements */
input[type="text"],
input[type="email"],
input[type="password"],
input[type="search"],
input[type="url"],
textarea,
select {
    font-family: var(--birmand-font-sans);
    font-size: 1rem;
    padding: 10px 14px;
    border: 1.5px solid var(--birmand-border);
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius);
    background: var(--birmand-white);
    color: var(--birmand-text);
    transition: border-color var(--birmand-transition-fast), box-shadow var(--birmand-transition-fast);
    width: 100%;
}

input:focus,
textarea:focus,
select:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: var(--birmand-blue);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(9, 111, 199, 0.1);
}

label {
    display: block;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-xs);
    color: var(--birmand-text);
}

/* Tables */
table {
    width: 100%;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-lg);
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
}

th, td {
    padding: 12px 16px;
    text-align: left;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
}

th {
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    background: var(--birmand-light-bg);
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}

/* Blockquotes */
blockquote {
    border-left: 4px solid var(--birmand-gold);
    padding-left: var(--birmand-space-lg);
    margin: var(--birmand-space-lg) 0;
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
    font-style: italic;
}

/* Code */
code, pre {
    font-family: var(--birmand-font-mono);
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    background: var(--birmand-light-bg);
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius);
}

code {
    padding: 2px 6px;
}

pre {
    padding: var(--birmand-space-md);
    overflow-x: auto;
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-lg);
}

/* Alerts / Messages */
.pkp_notification {
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius) !important;
    font-family: var(--birmand-font-sans) !important;
}

/* Birmand Theme 2.1.0 — Homepage polish */
.birmand-brand__logo{width:168px;min-width:168px;height:44px;display:flex;align-items:center}.birmand-brand__logo svg{width:100%;height:auto}.birmand-brand__divider{height:40px}.birmand-brand__journal-name{font-size:15px;line-height:1.22}.birmand-brand__journal-abbrev{margin-top:3px;letter-spacing:.08em}.birmand-search{min-width:250px}
.birmand-hero{position:relative;overflow:hidden;background:linear-gradient(180deg,#fff 0%,#fbfcfe 100%)}.birmand-hero:before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;background:radial-gradient(circle at 16% 30%,rgba(9,111,199,.055),transparent 30%),radial-gradient(circle at 84% 20%,rgba(233,173,37,.05),transparent 26%);pointer-events:none}.birmand-hero__inner{position:relative;grid-template-columns:minmax(340px,470px) minmax(0,1fr);gap:88px;padding-top:74px;padding-bottom:78px}.birmand-hero__cover{max-width:450px}.birmand-hero__content{max-width:760px}.birmand-hero__title{font-size:clamp(2.2rem,3.2vw,3.45rem);line-height:1.08;letter-spacing:-.035em}.birmand-hero__description{max-width:690px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.75}.birmand-value-card{padding:19px 20px;min-height:84px;transition:transform .2s ease,box-shadow .2s ease,border-color .2s ease}.birmand-value-card:hover{transform:translateY(-3px);box-shadow:0 10px 25px rgba(6,38,83,.09);border-color:rgba(233,173,37,.65)}.birmand-value-card__icon{width:42px;height:42px}.birmand-value-card__title{font-weight:700}
.birmand-hero__cover-fallback{position:relative;isolation:isolate;min-height:560px;padding:30px 30px 28px;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between;text-align:left;color:#fff;background:linear-gradient(145deg,#041c43 0%,#073b78 55%,#0878c9 100%);box-shadow:0 24px 48px rgba(6,38,83,.22)}.birmand-hero__cover-fallback:after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:10px;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25);z-index:-1}.birmand-cover__pattern{position:absolute;inset:0;z-index:-2;opacity:.22;background-image:linear-gradient(30deg,transparent 45%,rgba(255,255,255,.13) 46%,transparent 47%),linear-gradient(120deg,transparent 44%,rgba(233,173,37,.18) 45%,transparent 46%);background-size:48px 48px}.birmand-cover__publisher{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.11em;font-size:10px;font-weight:700}.birmand-cover__publisher-mark{display:grid;place-items:center;width:32px;height:32px;border-radius:5px;background:var(--birmand-gold);color:var(--birmand-navy);font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:23px;letter-spacing:0}.birmand-cover__center{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;text-align:center;padding:20px}.birmand-cover__robotics-icon{width:78px;height:78px;color:var(--birmand-gold);margin-bottom:24px}.birmand-cover__center h3{margin:0;max-width:340px;font-size:27px;line-height:1.16;color:#fff}.birmand-cover__abbrev{margin-top:14px!important;color:#dfeaff!important;font-size:13px!important;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase}.birmand-cover__meta{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;padding-top:18px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25);font-size:10px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.08em;color:#dfeaff}
.birmand-homepage-layout{align-items:start}.birmand-empty-state{padding:44px 28px}.birmand-empty-state__icon{width:44px;height:44px;margin:0 auto 13px;display:grid;place-items:center;border-radius:50%;background:#f7f1df;color:var(--birmand-gold);font-size:22px}.birmand-empty-state h3{margin:0 0 7px;color:var(--birmand-navy);font-size:17px}.birmand-empty-state p{margin:0;color:var(--birmand-muted)}
.birmand-announcements{box-shadow:0 10px 30px rgba(6,38,83,.07)}.birmand-announcements__empty{padding:38px 24px;text-align:center;color:#718096}.birmand-announcements__empty svg{color:var(--birmand-gold);margin-bottom:12px}.birmand-announcements__empty h3{margin:0 0 7px;color:var(--birmand-navy);font-size:16px}.birmand-announcements__empty p{margin:0;font-size:13px;line-height:1.6}
.birmand-section-title--stats{margin-bottom:18px}.birmand-statistics{margin-top:36px}.birmand-statistics__empty{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:18px;padding:26px 28px;border:1px solid var(--birmand-border);border-radius:8px;background:linear-gradient(120deg,#fff,#f7faff)}.birmand-statistics__empty-icon{flex:0 0 48px;width:48px;height:48px;display:grid;place-items:center;border-radius:12px;background:var(--birmand-navy);color:var(--birmand-gold);font-size:24px}.birmand-statistics__empty h3{margin:0 0 5px;color:var(--birmand-navy);font-size:16px}.birmand-statistics__empty p{margin:0;color:var(--birmand-muted);font-size:13px}.birmand-shortcut{transition:transform .2s ease,box-shadow .2s ease,border-color .2s ease}.birmand-shortcut:hover{transform:translateY(-4px);box-shadow:0 14px 30px rgba(6,38,83,.11);border-color:rgba(233,173,37,.55)}.birmand-shortcut:hover .birmand-shortcut__arrow{transform:translateX(4px)}.birmand-shortcut__arrow{transition:transform .2s ease}
@media(max-width:992px){.birmand-brand__logo{width:145px;min-width:145px}.birmand-hero__inner{grid-template-columns:320px minmax(0,1fr);gap:48px}.birmand-hero__cover-fallback{min-height:480px}.birmand-search{min-width:210px}}
@media(max-width:767px){.birmand-brand__logo{width:132px;min-width:132px}.birmand-brand__divider{display:none}.birmand-brand__journal{display:none}.birmand-hero__inner{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:38px;padding-top:42px;padding-bottom:50px}.birmand-hero__cover{width:min(88%,380px);margin:0 auto}.birmand-hero__cover-fallback{min-height:470px}.birmand-hero__title{font-size:2.25rem}.birmand-statistics__empty{align-items:flex-start}.birmand-cover__center h3{font-size:23px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.birmand-value-card,.birmand-shortcut,.birmand-shortcut__arrow{transition:none!important}}

/* Dynamic image support (v2.2.0) */
.birmand-brand__publisher-logo-img{display:block;max-width:210px;max-height:52px;width:auto;height:auto;object-fit:contain}
.birmand-brand__journal-logo-img{display:block;max-width:300px;max-height:52px;width:auto;height:auto;object-fit:contain}
.birmand-footer__logo-img{display:block;max-width:210px;max-height:64px;width:auto;height:auto;object-fit:contain}
.birmand-visually-hidden{position:absolute!important;width:1px!important;height:1px!important;padding:0!important;margin:-1px!important;overflow:hidden!important;clip:rect(0,0,0,0)!important;white-space:nowrap!important;border:0!important}
.birmand-hero__cover-img--homepage{object-fit:contain;background:#fff}
@media(max-width:768px){.birmand-brand__publisher-logo-img{max-width:150px;max-height:42px}.birmand-brand__journal-logo-img{max-width:190px;max-height:42px}}

/* Birmand Theme 2.2.3 — dynamic image sizing and cache-busted frontend assets */
.birmand-top-header{padding:18px 0}
.birmand-top-header__inner{min-height:78px}
.birmand-brand{min-width:0;max-width:calc(100% - 500px);gap:20px}
.birmand-brand__logo{flex:0 0 auto;width:auto;min-width:0;height:auto}
.birmand-brand__journal{min-width:0;display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:center}
.birmand-brand__publisher-logo-img{display:block!important;width:auto!important;height:auto!important;max-width:190px!important;max-height:70px!important;object-fit:contain!important}
.birmand-brand__journal-logo-img{display:block!important;width:auto!important;height:auto!important;max-width:min(520px,42vw)!important;max-height:82px!important;object-fit:contain!important;object-position:left center!important}
.birmand-brand__divider{height:60px}

/* Never force an uploaded homepage image into a 4:3 crop. Preserve its real proportions. */
.birmand-hero__cover{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;max-width:480px}
.birmand-hero__cover-img,
.birmand-hero__cover-img--homepage{display:block;width:auto!important;height:auto!important;max-width:100%!important;max-height:540px!important;aspect-ratio:auto!important;object-fit:contain!important;object-position:center!important;background:transparent!important}

@media(max-width:1100px){
  .birmand-brand{max-width:calc(100% - 390px)}
  .birmand-brand__journal-logo-img{max-width:min(390px,39vw)!important;max-height:70px!important}
}
@media(max-width:768px){
  .birmand-top-header__inner{min-height:58px}
  .birmand-brand{max-width:100%;width:100%}
  .birmand-brand__journal{display:flex!important;width:100%}
  .birmand-brand__journal-logo-img{max-width:min(330px,82vw)!important;max-height:60px!important}
  .birmand-brand__publisher-logo-img{max-width:140px!important;max-height:52px!important}
  .birmand-brand__divider{height:48px}
  .birmand-hero__cover-img,.birmand-hero__cover-img--homepage{max-height:460px!important}
}

/* Birmand Theme 2.2.4 — balanced publisher + journal header */
.birmand-top-header{padding:12px 0!important}
.birmand-top-header__inner{min-height:82px!important;gap:28px}
.birmand-brand{display:flex;align-items:center;flex:1 1 auto;max-width:none!important;min-width:0;gap:22px}
.birmand-brand__logo{display:flex!important;align-items:center!important;flex:0 0 auto!important;width:auto!important;min-width:0!important;height:auto!important}
.birmand-brand__divider{display:block;width:1px;height:58px!important;background:#dbe3ee;flex:0 0 1px}
.birmand-brand__journal{display:flex!important;align-items:center!important;justify-content:flex-start!important;min-width:0!important;flex:1 1 auto}
.birmand-brand__publisher-logo-img{max-width:176px!important;max-height:58px!important}
.birmand-brand__journal-logo-img{max-width:min(420px,34vw)!important;max-height:72px!important}
.birmand-publisher-fallback{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;color:var(--birmand-navy);white-space:nowrap}
.birmand-publisher-fallback__mark{display:grid;place-items:center;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:6px;background:var(--birmand-gold);color:var(--birmand-navy);font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:27px;line-height:1}
.birmand-publisher-fallback__text{display:flex;flex-direction:column;line-height:1.08;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.045em}
.birmand-publisher-fallback__text strong{font-size:13px;font-weight:800}
.birmand-publisher-fallback__text small{margin-top:4px;font-size:7px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.07em;color:#58708d}
.birmand-top-header__actions{flex:0 0 auto;gap:12px}
.birmand-search{width:290px;min-width:290px!important}

@media(max-width:1180px){
  .birmand-brand{gap:15px}
  .birmand-brand__journal-logo-img{max-width:min(320px,30vw)!important;max-height:64px!important}
  .birmand-search{width:230px;min-width:230px!important}
  .birmand-publisher-fallback__text{display:none}
}
@media(max-width:900px){
  .birmand-top-header__inner{align-items:center!important}
  .birmand-brand__divider{display:none!important}
  .birmand-brand__logo{display:none!important}
  .birmand-brand__journal-logo-img{max-width:min(360px,50vw)!important;max-height:62px!important}
  .birmand-search{display:none!important}
}
@media(max-width:768px){
  .birmand-top-header{padding:10px 0!important}
  .birmand-top-header__inner{min-height:64px!important}
  .birmand-brand{width:auto!important;max-width:calc(100% - 48px)!important}
  .birmand-brand__journal{width:auto!important}
  .birmand-brand__journal-logo-img{max-width:min(300px,72vw)!important;max-height:56px!important}
}

/* Birmand Theme 2.2.5 — refined header and hero */
/* Header: tighter height, clearer separation, slightly larger identities */
.birmand-top-header{
  padding:7px 0!important;
}
.birmand-top-header__inner{
  min-height:74px!important;
  gap:24px!important;
}
.birmand-brand{
  gap:26px!important;
}
.birmand-brand__logo{
  padding-right:2px;
}
.birmand-brand__divider{
  height:52px!important;
  margin:0 2px;
  background:#d7e0eb!important;
}
.birmand-brand__publisher-logo-img{
  max-width:188px!important;
  max-height:62px!important;
}
.birmand-brand__journal-logo-img{
  max-width:min(452px,36vw)!important;
  max-height:78px!important;
}
.birmand-publisher-fallback__mark{
  width:42px!important;
  height:42px!important;
  font-size:29px!important;
}
.birmand-publisher-fallback__text strong{font-size:13.5px!important}

/* Search: more visible without competing with the journal identity */
.birmand-search{
  width:320px!important;
  min-width:320px!important;
}
.birmand-search__input{
  width:100%!important;
  min-height:40px;
  padding:9px 42px 9px 16px!important;
  background:#fff!important;
  border-color:#cbd7e5!important;
  border-radius:9px!important;
  box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(6,38,83,.045);
}
.birmand-search__input:hover{
  border-color:#9fb4cb!important;
}
.birmand-search__input:focus{
  width:100%!important;
  border-color:var(--birmand-blue)!important;
  box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(9,111,199,.11),0 5px 14px rgba(6,38,83,.07)!important;
}
.birmand-search__submit{
  right:7px!important;
}

/* Navigation: gentle, polished interaction */
.birmand-nav__link{
  transition:color .18s ease,background-color .18s ease,transform .18s ease!important;
}
.birmand-nav__link:hover,
.birmand-nav__link:focus{
  background:rgba(255,255,255,.065)!important;
  transform:translateY(-1px);
}
.birmand-nav__link::before{
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  left:18px;
  right:18px;
  bottom:5px;
  height:1px;
  background:rgba(255,255,255,.55);
  transform:scaleX(0);
  transform-origin:center;
  transition:transform .18s ease;
}
.birmand-nav__link:hover::before,
.birmand-nav__link:focus::before{
  transform:scaleX(1);
}
.birmand-nav__link--active::before{display:none}

/* Hero: closer visual balance, cleaner reading width, subtle cover motion */
.birmand-hero__inner{
  grid-template-columns:minmax(330px,455px) minmax(0,1fr)!important;
  gap:76px!important;
  align-items:center!important;
  padding-top:64px!important;
  padding-bottom:66px!important;
}
.birmand-hero__cover{
  align-self:center!important;
  justify-self:center;
  width:100%;
}
.birmand-hero__cover-img,
.birmand-hero__cover-img--homepage{
  max-height:570px!important;
  border-radius:11px!important;
  box-shadow:0 18px 42px rgba(6,38,83,.17)!important;
  transition:transform .28s ease,box-shadow .28s ease!important;
  transform:translateZ(0);
}
.birmand-hero__cover:hover .birmand-hero__cover-img,
.birmand-hero__cover:hover .birmand-hero__cover-img--homepage{
  transform:translateY(-6px) scale(1.012);
  box-shadow:0 26px 52px rgba(6,38,83,.22)!important;
}
.birmand-hero__content{
  align-self:center!important;
  max-width:720px!important;
}
.birmand-hero__description{
  max-width:610px!important;
  line-height:1.72!important;
}

@media(max-width:1180px){
  .birmand-brand{gap:18px!important}
  .birmand-brand__publisher-logo-img{max-width:165px!important;max-height:56px!important}
  .birmand-brand__journal-logo-img{max-width:min(350px,31vw)!important;max-height:70px!important}
  .birmand-search{width:250px!important;min-width:250px!important}
  .birmand-hero__inner{grid-template-columns:310px minmax(0,1fr)!important;gap:48px!important}
  .birmand-hero__description{max-width:590px!important}
}
@media(max-width:900px){
  .birmand-top-header{padding:8px 0!important}
  .birmand-top-header__inner{min-height:66px!important}
  .birmand-brand__journal-logo-img{max-width:min(390px,52vw)!important;max-height:66px!important}
  .birmand-hero__inner{grid-template-columns:280px minmax(0,1fr)!important;gap:38px!important;padding-top:52px!important;padding-bottom:56px!important}
}
@media(max-width:767px){
  .birmand-top-header__inner{min-height:60px!important}
  .birmand-brand__journal-logo-img{max-width:min(315px,75vw)!important;max-height:59px!important}
  .birmand-hero__inner{grid-template-columns:1fr!important;gap:34px!important;padding-top:40px!important;padding-bottom:48px!important}
  .birmand-hero__description{max-width:100%!important}
  .birmand-hero__cover{width:min(88%,390px)!important}
  .birmand-hero__cover-img,.birmand-hero__cover-img--homepage{max-height:500px!important}
}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
  .birmand-nav__link,
  .birmand-nav__link::before,
  .birmand-hero__cover-img,
  .birmand-hero__cover-img--homepage{transition:none!important}
  .birmand-nav__link:hover,
  .birmand-nav__link:focus,
  .birmand-hero__cover:hover .birmand-hero__cover-img,
  .birmand-hero__cover:hover .birmand-hero__cover-img--homepage{transform:none!important}
}

/* Birmand Theme 2.2.6 — compact header and hero spacing refinement
 * Preserves the locked homepage structure and all dynamic OJS content.
 */
@media (min-width: 1181px) {
  .birmand-top-header {
    padding: 5px 0 !important;
  }
  .birmand-top-header__inner {
    min-height: 78px !important;
    gap: 20px !important;
  }
  .birmand-brand {
    gap: 12px !important;
    flex: 1 1 auto !important;
    min-width: 0 !important;
  }
  .birmand-brand__logo {
    flex: 0 0 auto !important;
    padding-right: 0 !important;
  }
  .birmand-brand__divider {
    height: 58px !important;
    margin: 0 4px !important;
  }
  .birmand-brand__journal {
    flex: 0 1 auto !important;
    min-width: 0 !important;
  }
  .birmand-brand__publisher-logo-img {
    width: auto !important;
    height: 68px !important;
    max-width: 215px !important;
    max-height: 68px !important;
  }
  .birmand-brand__journal-logo-img {
    width: auto !important;
    height: 82px !important;
    max-width: min(500px, 38vw) !important;
    max-height: 82px !important;
  }
  .birmand-publisher-fallback__mark {
    width: 48px !important;
    height: 48px !important;
    font-size: 33px !important;
  }
  .birmand-publisher-fallback__text strong {
    font-size: 15px !important;
  }
  .birmand-publisher-fallback__text small {
    font-size: 8px !important;
  }
  .birmand-top-header__actions {
    flex: 0 0 auto !important;
  }

  .birmand-hero__inner {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(350px, 445px) minmax(0, 1fr) !important;
    gap: 64px !important;
    padding-top: 30px !important;
    padding-bottom: 52px !important;
  }
  .birmand-hero__cover {
    max-width: 425px !important;
  }
  .birmand-hero__cover-img,
  .birmand-hero__cover-img--homepage {
    max-height: 545px !important;
  }
  .birmand-hero__content {
    max-width: 720px !important;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 901px) and (max-width: 1180px) {
  .birmand-brand {
    gap: 11px !important;
  }
  .birmand-brand__divider {
    margin: 0 2px !important;
  }
  .birmand-brand__publisher-logo-img {
    height: 58px !important;
    max-height: 58px !important;
    max-width: 178px !important;
  }
  .birmand-brand__journal-logo-img {
    height: 72px !important;
    max-height: 72px !important;
    max-width: min(390px, 34vw) !important;
  }
  .birmand-hero__inner {
    padding-top: 34px !important;
    padding-bottom: 48px !important;
    gap: 44px !important;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .birmand-hero__inner {
    padding-top: 34px !important;
  }
}

/* Birmand Theme 2.2.7 — larger header branding and tighter hero spacing
 * Keeps the locked homepage structure and dynamic OJS data unchanged.
 */

/* Remove the inherited outer hero padding which was stacking with the
 * inner grid padding and creating excessive white space below the info strip. */
.birmand-hero {
  padding: 0 !important;
}

/* Slightly tighten the vertical rhythm inside the hero content. */
.birmand-hero__content {
  gap: 14px !important;
}
.birmand-hero__description {
  margin-top: 2px !important;
}
.birmand-value-cards {
  margin-top: 8px !important;
}

@media (min-width: 1181px) {
  .birmand-top-header {
    padding: 4px 0 !important;
  }
  .birmand-top-header__inner {
    min-height: 86px !important;
  }
  .birmand-brand {
    gap: 14px !important;
  }
  .birmand-brand__divider {
    height: 64px !important;
    margin: 0 5px !important;
  }
  .birmand-brand__publisher-logo-img {
    height: 76px !important;
    max-height: 76px !important;
    max-width: 238px !important;
  }
  .birmand-brand__journal-logo-img {
    height: 92px !important;
    max-height: 92px !important;
    max-width: min(545px, 40vw) !important;
  }
  .birmand-publisher-fallback__mark {
    width: 52px !important;
    height: 52px !important;
    font-size: 35px !important;
  }
  .birmand-publisher-fallback__text strong {
    font-size: 16px !important;
  }
  .birmand-hero__inner {
    padding-top: 22px !important;
    padding-bottom: 44px !important;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 901px) and (max-width: 1180px) {
  .birmand-top-header__inner {
    min-height: 78px !important;
  }
  .birmand-brand__publisher-logo-img {
    height: 64px !important;
    max-height: 64px !important;
    max-width: 195px !important;
  }
  .birmand-brand__journal-logo-img {
    height: 79px !important;
    max-height: 79px !important;
    max-width: min(425px, 36vw) !important;
  }
  .birmand-hero__inner {
    padding-top: 24px !important;
    padding-bottom: 42px !important;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 900px) {
  .birmand-hero__inner {
    padding-top: 26px !important;
    padding-bottom: 42px !important;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .birmand-hero__inner {
    padding-top: 28px !important;
    padding-bottom: 42px !important;
  }
  .birmand-hero__content {
    gap: 13px !important;
  }
}


/* Birmand v2.2.8 — live statistics and richer latest-article cards */
.birmand-section-title__eyebrow{display:block;margin:0 0 4px;color:var(--birmand-gold);font-size:.72rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase}
.birmand-article-cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:22px}
.birmand-article-card{min-height:100%;border:1px solid #dfe6ef;border-radius:12px;background:#fff;box-shadow:0 5px 18px rgba(6,38,83,.055);overflow:hidden;transition:transform .22s ease,box-shadow .22s ease,border-color .22s ease}
.birmand-article-card:hover{transform:translateY(-4px);border-color:rgba(6,38,83,.22);box-shadow:0 16px 34px rgba(6,38,83,.11)}
.birmand-article-card__header{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:15px 20px;border-bottom:1px solid #edf1f6;background:linear-gradient(110deg,#f8fafd,#fff)}
.birmand-article-card__type{color:var(--birmand-navy);font-size:.72rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.075em;text-transform:uppercase}
.birmand-article-card__oa-badge{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:5px 8px;border-radius:999px;background:#edf8f2;color:#27774b;font-size:.69rem;font-weight:700}
.birmand-article-card__body{padding:22px 22px 17px}
.birmand-article-card__title{margin:0 0 10px;font-family:Merriweather,Georgia,serif;font-size:1.06rem;line-height:1.55}
.birmand-article-card__authors{margin:0 0 12px;color:#526174;font-size:.83rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.55}
.birmand-article-card__abstract{margin:0 0 17px;color:#687487;font-size:.84rem;line-height:1.65}
.birmand-article-card__meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px 18px;color:#718096;font-size:.76rem}
.birmand-article-card__meta span{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px}
.birmand-article-card__footer{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;padding:14px 20px;border-top:1px solid #edf1f6;background:#fbfcfe}
.birmand-article-card__read{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;color:var(--birmand-navy);font-size:.79rem;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}
.birmand-article-card__read:hover svg{transform:translateX(3px)}
.birmand-article-card__read svg{transition:transform .18s ease}
.birmand-article-card__galleys{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:7px}
.birmand-article-card__pdf{padding:6px 9px;border-radius:6px;background:var(--birmand-navy);color:#fff!important;font-size:.71rem}
.birmand-latest-empty{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:20px;padding:30px;border:1px dashed #cfd9e6;border-radius:12px;background:linear-gradient(120deg,#fff,#f8fafd)}
.birmand-latest-empty__icon{flex:0 0 54px;width:54px;height:54px;display:grid;place-items:center;border-radius:12px;background:var(--birmand-navy);color:var(--birmand-gold)}
.birmand-latest-empty h3{margin:0 0 6px;color:var(--birmand-navy);font-size:1rem}
.birmand-latest-empty p{margin:0;color:var(--birmand-muted);font-size:.84rem}
.birmand-statistics__grid--dynamic{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:14px}
.birmand-statistics__grid--dynamic .birmand-stat{min-height:142px;padding:22px 15px;border:1px solid #dfe6ef;border-radius:11px;background:#fff;box-shadow:0 5px 18px rgba(6,38,83,.045)}
.birmand-statistics__grid--dynamic .birmand-stat__value{font-size:1.65rem;line-height:1.15}
.birmand-statistics__grid--dynamic .birmand-stat__value--issue{max-width:100%;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.35;text-align:center}
@media(max-width:900px){.birmand-article-cards{grid-template-columns:1fr}.birmand-statistics__grid--dynamic{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}
@media(max-width:520px){.birmand-article-card__footer{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column}.birmand-statistics__grid--dynamic{grid-template-columns:1fr}.birmand-latest-empty{align-items:flex-start;padding:24px 20px}}


/* ================================================================
   OJS 3.5 native-page compatibility layer — Birmand Theme v2.3.0
   ================================================================ */
html, body { margin: 0; min-height: 100%; }
body { background: #fff; color: var(--birmand-navy); }
.pkp_structure_page { min-height: 100vh; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.pkp_structure_content { width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px)); margin: 0 auto; padding: 48px 0 72px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 32px; flex: 1 0 auto; }
.pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 280px; }
.pkp_structure_main { min-width: 0; width: 100%; }
.pkp_structure_sidebar { min-width: 0; }
.pkp_structure_main > .page, .pkp_structure_main > form, .pkp_structure_main > .cmp_form { max-width: 100%; }
.page { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.7; color: #334155; }
.page h1 { margin: 0 0 28px; color: var(--birmand-navy); font-size: clamp(2rem, 3vw, 2.75rem); line-height: 1.15; }
.page h2 { color: var(--birmand-navy); margin-top: 2rem; }
.page a { color: #0b68c4; }
.page a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.cmp_breadcrumbs { margin: 0 0 24px; padding: 0; }
.cmp_breadcrumbs ol { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; color: #64748b; font-size: .9rem; }
.cmp_breadcrumbs li:not(:last-child)::after { content: '/'; margin-left: 8px; color: #94a3b8; }
.page_privacy, .page_contact, .page_about, .page_submissions, .page_login, .page_register, .page_lost_password, .page_error, .page_search, .page_issue, .page_issue_archive, .page_article, .page_announcements, .page_announcement, .page_editorial_team {
  background: #fff; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 12px; padding: clamp(24px, 4vw, 48px); box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(6,38,83,.06);
}
.page_article { border: 0; box-shadow: none; padding: 0; }
.obj_article_details .main_entry, .obj_article_details .entry_details { min-width: 0; }
.obj_article_details .page_title { color: var(--birmand-navy); font-size: clamp(2rem, 3vw, 2.8rem); line-height: 1.2; }
.obj_article_details .authors, .obj_article_details .affiliations, .obj_article_details .abstract { color: #475569; }
.obj_article_details .item { margin-bottom: 26px; }
.obj_article_details .galley-link, .obj_galley_link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; border: 1px solid var(--birmand-gold); color: var(--birmand-navy); border-radius: 6px; padding: 9px 16px; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; }
.obj_article_details .galley-link:hover, .obj_galley_link:hover { background: var(--birmand-gold); text-decoration: none; }
.obj_issue_toc .heading, .obj_issue_summary { border-color: #e2e8f0; }
.obj_issue_toc .sections { margin-top: 30px; }
.obj_article_summary { padding: 22px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; }
.obj_article_summary .title { font-size: 1.15rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--birmand-navy); }
.obj_issue_summary { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 140px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 24px; padding: 24px 0; }
.obj_issue_summary .cover img { max-width: 140px; height: auto; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(6,38,83,.12); }
.cmp_form label, .pkp_form label { color: var(--birmand-navy); font-weight: 600; }
.cmp_form input[type=text], .cmp_form input[type=email], .cmp_form input[type=password], .cmp_form input[type=url], .cmp_form textarea, .cmp_form select,
.pkp_form input[type=text], .pkp_form input[type=email], .pkp_form input[type=password], .pkp_form textarea, .pkp_form select {
  width: 100%; max-width: 100%; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; border-radius: 7px; padding: 11px 13px; background: #fff; color: #0f172a; box-sizing: border-box;
}
.cmp_form button, .cmp_form input[type=submit], .pkp_form button, .pkp_form input[type=submit], .pkp_button {
  background: var(--birmand-navy); color: #fff; border: 0; border-radius: 7px; padding: 11px 18px; font-weight: 700; cursor: pointer;
}
.cmp_form button:hover, .cmp_form input[type=submit]:hover, .pkp_button:hover { filter: brightness(1.08); }
.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block { background: #f8fafc; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 10px; padding: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; }
.pkp_structure_sidebar .title { color: var(--birmand-navy); font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 12px; }
.pkp_structure_sidebar ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.pkp_structure_sidebar li { margin: 8px 0; }
.pkp_structure_sidebar a { color: #334155; }
.pkp_structure_sidebar a:hover { color: #0b68c4; }
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .pkp_structure_content, .pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar { width: min(100% - 28px, 760px); grid-template-columns: 1fr; padding: 32px 0 52px; }
  .obj_issue_summary { grid-template-columns: 100px minmax(0,1fr); }
  .obj_issue_summary .cover img { max-width: 100px; }
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .page_privacy, .page_contact, .page_about, .page_submissions, .page_login, .page_register, .page_lost_password, .page_error, .page_search, .page_issue, .page_issue_archive, .page_announcements, .page_announcement { padding: 22px 18px; }
  .obj_issue_summary { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}


/* OJS 3.5 native accessibility skip links: hidden until keyboard focus. */
.cmp_skip_to_content,
.pkp_skip_to_content {
    position: absolute !important;
    width: 1px !important;
    height: 1px !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    margin: -1px !important;
    overflow: hidden !important;
    clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0) !important;
    white-space: nowrap !important;
    border: 0 !important;
}
.cmp_skip_to_content:focus-within,
.pkp_skip_to_content:focus-within {
    position: static !important;
    width: auto !important;
    height: auto !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    overflow: visible !important;
    clip: auto !important;
    white-space: normal !important;
}
.cmp_skip_to_content a,
.pkp_skip_to_content a {
    position: fixed !important;
    top: -200px !important;
    left: 1rem !important;
    z-index: 100000 !important;
}
.cmp_skip_to_content a:focus,
.pkp_skip_to_content a:focus {
    top: 1rem !important;
}

/* ================================================================
   Birmand Article View — production release 2.4.1 (OJS 3.5.0-5)
   Scoped to the native article route; the approved homepage is untouched.
   ================================================================ */
.pkp_page_article .pkp_structure_content {
    width: min(1320px, calc(100% - 40px));
    padding-top: 34px;
    padding-bottom: 76px;
}

.pkp_page_article .pkp_structure_main,
.pkp_page_article .birmand-article-shell,
.pkp_page_article .birmand-article-page {
    min-width: 0;
    width: 100%;
}

.pkp_page_article .birmand-article-shell.page_article {
    padding: 0;
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 0;
    background: transparent;
    box-shadow: none;
}

.birmand-article-breadcrumb {
    margin: 0 0 22px;
    padding: 0;
}

.birmand-article-breadcrumb ol {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 7px;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
    color: #64748b;
    font-size: .82rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.birmand-article-breadcrumb li {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    min-width: 0;
}

.birmand-article-breadcrumb li:not(:last-child)::after {
    content: "›";
    margin-inline-start: 7px;
    color: var(--birmand-gold);
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.birmand-article-breadcrumb a {
    color: #526174;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.birmand-article-breadcrumb a:hover,
.birmand-article-breadcrumb a:focus-visible {
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.birmand-article-breadcrumb [aria-current="page"] {
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-weight: 700;
}

.birmand-article-page {
    color: #26364d;
    font-family: var(--birmand-font-sans);
}

.birmand-article-notice {
    margin: 0 0 22px;
    border: 1px solid #f0d894;
    border-inline-start: 4px solid var(--birmand-gold);
    border-radius: 10px;
    background: #fffaf0;
    color: #5b4614;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 16px rgba(6, 38, 83, .05);
}

.birmand-article-hero-card {
    position: relative;
    margin: 0 0 30px;
    padding: clamp(28px, 4vw, 48px);
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid #dfe6ef;
    border-radius: 14px;
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(6, 38, 83, .07);
}

.birmand-article-hero-card__accent {
    position: absolute;
    inset-block: 0;
    inset-inline-start: 0;
    width: 6px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--birmand-gold), #f4cf72);
}

.birmand-article-kicker {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    margin: 0 0 14px;
    padding: 6px 11px;
    border: 1px solid #e6d39f;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: #fffaf0;
    color: #79570b;
    font-size: .72rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: .07em;
    line-height: 1.3;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.birmand-article-title {
    max-width: 28ch;
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-family: var(--birmand-font-serif);
    font-size: clamp(1.85rem, 3.4vw, 3rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: -.025em;
    line-height: 1.24;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.birmand-article-subtitle {
    max-width: 70ch;
    margin: 14px 0 0;
    color: #526174;
    font-family: var(--birmand-font-serif);
    font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.7vw, 1.35rem);
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 1.55;
}

.birmand-authors {
    margin-top: 30px;
    padding-top: 24px;
    border-top: 1px solid #e8edf3;
}

.birmand-section-heading {
    position: relative;
    margin: 0 0 22px;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-family: var(--birmand-font-sans);
    font-size: 1.18rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: -.01em;
    line-height: 1.35;
}

.birmand-section-heading::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    inset-inline-start: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 44px;
    height: 3px;
    border-radius: 3px;
    background: var(--birmand-gold);
}

.birmand-section-heading--compact {
    margin-bottom: 16px;
    padding-bottom: 0;
    font-size: .78rem;
    letter-spacing: .08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.birmand-section-heading--compact::after {
    display: none;
}

.birmand-author-list,
.birmand-author-bios__list,
.birmand-file-list,
.birmand-keyword-list,
.birmand-inline-list,
.birmand-version-list {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
}

.birmand-author-list {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 14px;
}

.birmand-author {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 16px;
    min-width: 0;
    padding: 15px 16px;
    border: 1px solid #e4eaf1;
    border-radius: 10px;
    background: #f9fbfd;
}

.birmand-author__identity,
.birmand-author__links {
    min-width: 0;
}

.birmand-author__name-line {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 7px;
}

.birmand-author__name {
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-size: .96rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.45;
}

.birmand-author__badge {
    display: inline-flex;
    padding: 3px 7px;
    border: 1px solid #ead498;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: #fff9e9;
    color: #72520b;
    font-size: .65rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.25;
}

.birmand-author__affiliations,
.birmand-author__role {
    margin-top: 5px;
    color: #617085;
    font-size: .78rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
}

.birmand-author__separator {
    margin-inline-end: 3px;
}

.birmand-author__ror {
    display: inline-flex;
    margin-inline-start: 4px;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

.birmand-author__ror svg,
.birmand-author__orcid svg {
    width: 17px;
    height: 17px;
}

.birmand-author__links {
    display: flex;
    flex: 0 1 190px;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-end;
    gap: 6px;
}

.birmand-author__orcid,
.birmand-author__email {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    max-width: 100%;
    color: #276628;
    font-size: .72rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.4;
    text-decoration: none;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.birmand-author__email {
    color: #0b68c4;
}

.birmand-author__email svg {
    width: 15px;
    height: 15px;
    fill: none;
    stroke: currentColor;
    stroke-linecap: round;
    stroke-linejoin: round;
    stroke-width: 1.8;
}

.birmand-author__orcid:hover,
.birmand-author__email:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-underline-offset: 2px;
}

.birmand-article-layout {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 7fr) minmax(280px, 3fr);
    gap: clamp(24px, 3vw, 40px);
    align-items: start;
}

.birmand-article-main,
.birmand-article-sidebar {
    min-width: 0;
}

.birmand-article-main {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 24px;
}

.birmand-detail-card,
.birmand-article-main > .item {
    min-width: 0;
    margin: 0;
    padding: clamp(24px, 3vw, 36px);
    border: 1px solid #dfe6ef;
    border-radius: 13px;
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 7px 24px rgba(6, 38, 83, .055);
}

.birmand-article-main > .item > .label,
.birmand-article-plugin-details .item > .label {
    margin: 0 0 14px;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.birmand-rich-text,
.birmand-article-main > .item .value {
    color: #34445a;
    font-size: .98rem;
    line-height: 1.82;
}

.birmand-rich-text > :first-child,
.birmand-article-main > .item .value > :first-child {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.birmand-rich-text > :last-child,
.birmand-article-main > .item .value > :last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.birmand-rich-text p,
.birmand-article-main > .item p {
    margin: 0 0 1.15em;
}

.birmand-rich-text ul,
.birmand-rich-text ol,
.birmand-article-main > .item ul,
.birmand-article-main > .item ol {
    margin-block: 1em;
    padding-inline-start: 1.4em;
}

.birmand-rich-text a,
.birmand-article-main > .item a,
.birmand-sidebar-card a {
    color: #0b68c4;
    text-underline-offset: 2px;
}

.birmand-abstract__text {
    max-width: 78ch;
    color: #2e3d52;
    font-family: var(--birmand-font-serif);
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.9;
}

.birmand-author-bios__list {
    display: grid;
    gap: 18px;
}

.birmand-author-bio + .birmand-author-bio {
    padding-top: 18px;
    border-top: 1px solid #e7ecf2;
}

.birmand-author-bio h3 {
    margin: 0 0 5px;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-size: 1rem;
}

.birmand-author-bio__affiliation {
    margin: 0 0 10px;
    color: #64748b;
    font-size: .82rem;
}

.birmand-metrics__header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 18px;
}

.birmand-metrics__total {
    display: inline-flex;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    padding: 6px 10px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: #eef4fa;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-size: .74rem;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.birmand-metrics__chart {
    min-height: 180px;
    max-height: 290px;
    margin-top: 4px;
}

.birmand-metrics__chart canvas {
    width: 100% !important;
    max-height: 290px;
}

.birmand-reference-list {
    counter-reset: birmand-reference;
    display: grid;
    gap: 0;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
}

.birmand-reference-list li {
    counter-increment: birmand-reference;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 2.2rem minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 8px;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 14px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #edf1f5;
    color: #3a485c;
    font-size: .88rem;
    line-height: 1.72;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.birmand-reference-list li:first-child {
    padding-top: 0;
}

.birmand-reference-list li:last-child {
    padding-bottom: 0;
    border-bottom: 0;
}

.birmand-reference-list li::before {
    content: "[" counter(birmand-reference) "]";
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-weight: 700;
    text-align: end;
}

.birmand-reference-list a {
    color: #0b68c4;
    font-weight: 600;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.birmand-article-sidebar {
    position: sticky;
    top: 76px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 18px;
}

.birmand-sidebar-card {
    min-width: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid #dfe6ef;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(6, 38, 83, .055);
}

.birmand-sidebar-card__header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 9px;
    min-height: 48px;
    padding: 13px 17px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e7ecf2;
    background: linear-gradient(110deg, #f7f9fc, #fff);
}

.birmand-sidebar-card__header svg {
    flex: 0 0 18px;
    width: 18px;
    height: 18px;
    fill: none;
    stroke: var(--birmand-gold-dark);
    stroke-linecap: round;
    stroke-linejoin: round;
    stroke-width: 1.8;
}

.birmand-sidebar-card__header h2 {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-size: .9rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.35;
}

.birmand-sidebar-card__body {
    padding: 17px;
}

.birmand-pdf-card {
    border-color: #d9c27c;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(6, 38, 83, .1);
}

.birmand-pdf-card__body {
    display: grid;
    gap: 10px;
}

.birmand-pdf-button {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 9px;
    width: 100%;
    min-height: 48px;
    padding: 11px 15px;
    border: 1px solid var(--birmand-navy);
    border-radius: 8px;
    font-size: .88rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.25;
    text-align: center;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    transition: transform .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease, background .18s ease;
}

.birmand-pdf-button svg {
    width: 19px;
    height: 19px;
    fill: none;
    stroke: currentColor;
    stroke-linecap: round;
    stroke-linejoin: round;
    stroke-width: 1.9;
}

.birmand-pdf-button--primary {
    background: var(--birmand-navy);
    color: #fff !important;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 14px rgba(6, 38, 83, .17);
}

.birmand-pdf-button--secondary {
    border-color: #d8b24f;
    background: #fffaf0;
    color: var(--birmand-navy) !important;
}

.birmand-pdf-button:hover,
.birmand-pdf-button:focus-visible {
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(6, 38, 83, .16);
}

.birmand-pdf-button--primary:hover,
.birmand-pdf-button--primary:focus-visible {
    background: var(--birmand-dark-navy);
}

.birmand-cover-card img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 7px;
    box-shadow: 0 7px 18px rgba(6, 38, 83, .12);
}

.birmand-metadata-list {
    margin: 0;
}

.birmand-metadata-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(88px, .8fr) minmax(0, 1.2fr);
    gap: 12px;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 12px 17px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #edf1f5;
}

.birmand-metadata-row:last-child {
    border-bottom: 0;
}

.birmand-metadata-row dt,
.birmand-metadata-row dd {
    min-width: 0;
    margin: 0;
    font-size: .78rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
}

.birmand-metadata-row dt {
    color: #66758a;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.birmand-metadata-row dd {
    color: #26364d;
    font-weight: 600;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.birmand-metadata-row__break,
.birmand-break-word,
.birmand-doi-link {
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
    word-break: break-word;
}

.birmand-inline-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 5px;
}

.birmand-inline-list li:not(:last-child)::after {
    content: ",";
}

.birmand-file-list {
    display: grid;
    gap: 9px;
}

.birmand-file-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 10px 11px;
    border: 1px solid #e5eaf0;
    border-radius: 8px;
    background: #f9fbfd;
}

.birmand-file-item__label {
    min-width: 0;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-size: .78rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.birmand-file-item__actions {
    display: inline-flex;
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    gap: 7px;
}

.birmand-file-item__actions a,
.birmand-file-item__actions .obj_galley_link_supplementary {
    display: inline-flex;
    padding: 5px 7px;
    border: 1px solid #cbd7e4;
    border-radius: 5px;
    background: #fff;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-size: .69rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.25;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.birmand-file-item__actions a:hover,
.birmand-file-item__actions a:focus-visible {
    border-color: var(--birmand-gold);
    background: #fffaf0;
}

.birmand-sidebar-subheading {
    margin: 18px 0 9px;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-size: .78rem;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.birmand-keyword-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 7px;
}

.birmand-keyword-list span {
    display: inline-flex;
    padding: 6px 10px;
    border: 1px solid #dce5ee;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: #f5f8fb;
    color: #34465e;
    font-size: .72rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.25;
}

.birmand-citation-text {
    margin: 0 0 13px;
    color: #46566b;
    font-family: var(--birmand-font-serif);
    font-size: .78rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.birmand-copy-button {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 7px;
    min-height: 37px;
    padding: 8px 11px;
    border: 1px solid #cbd7e4;
    border-radius: 7px;
    background: #fff;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font: inherit;
    font-size: .73rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.birmand-copy-button:hover,
.birmand-copy-button:focus-visible,
.birmand-copy-button.is-copied {
    border-color: var(--birmand-gold);
    background: #fffaf0;
}

.birmand-copy-button svg {
    width: 15px;
    height: 15px;
    fill: none;
    stroke: currentColor;
    stroke-linecap: round;
    stroke-linejoin: round;
    stroke-width: 1.8;
}

.birmand-share-list {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 8px;
}

.birmand-share-list a {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    min-height: 36px;
    padding: 7px 9px;
    border: 1px solid #dbe3ec;
    border-radius: 7px;
    background: #f8fafc;
    color: #34465e;
    font-size: .72rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-align: center;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.birmand-share-list a:hover,
.birmand-share-list a:focus-visible {
    border-color: var(--birmand-gold);
    background: #fffaf0;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
}

.birmand-version-list {
    display: grid;
    gap: 8px;
    color: #4b5c72;
    font-size: .76rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.birmand-version-list [aria-current="page"] {
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-weight: 700;
}

.birmand-license-card__body img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
}

.birmand-article-plugin-details:empty {
    display: none;
}

.birmand-article-plugin-details {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 18px;
}

.birmand-article-plugin-details > .item,
.birmand-article-plugin-details > section,
.birmand-article-plugin-details > div:not(:empty) {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 17px;
    border: 1px solid #dfe6ef;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(6, 38, 83, .055);
}

.birmand-article-page a:focus-visible,
.birmand-article-page button:focus-visible,
.birmand-article-breadcrumb a:focus-visible {
    outline: 3px solid rgba(233, 173, 37, .48);
    outline-offset: 3px;
}

@media (max-width: 1080px) {
    .birmand-author-list {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .birmand-article-layout {
        grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(260px, 320px);
        gap: 26px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .pkp_page_article .pkp_structure_content {
        width: min(100% - 28px, 820px);
        padding-top: 28px;
        padding-bottom: 56px;
    }

    .birmand-article-layout {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .birmand-article-sidebar {
        position: static;
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
        align-items: start;
    }

    .birmand-pdf-card,
    .birmand-metadata-card,
    .birmand-article-plugin-details {
        grid-column: 1 / -1;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 680px) {
    .birmand-article-hero-card {
        padding: 26px 22px;
        border-radius: 11px;
    }

    .birmand-article-title {
        font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 7vw, 2.15rem);
    }

    .birmand-author {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 10px;
    }

    .birmand-author__links {
        flex-basis: auto;
        align-items: flex-start;
    }

    .birmand-detail-card,
    .birmand-article-main > .item {
        padding: 23px 20px;
        border-radius: 10px;
    }

    .birmand-article-sidebar {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .birmand-pdf-card,
    .birmand-metadata-card,
    .birmand-article-plugin-details {
        grid-column: auto;
    }

    .birmand-metadata-row {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 4px;
    }

    .birmand-share-list {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    }

    .birmand-reference-list li {
        grid-template-columns: 1.85rem minmax(0, 1fr);
        gap: 6px;
        font-size: .84rem;
    }

    .birmand-metrics__header {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 0;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 420px) {
    .pkp_page_article .pkp_structure_content {
        width: calc(100% - 20px);
    }

    .birmand-article-hero-card {
        padding: 24px 18px;
    }

    .birmand-file-item {
        align-items: flex-start;
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .birmand-file-item__actions {
        justify-content: flex-start;
    }

    .birmand-share-list {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

[dir="rtl"] .birmand-article-page,
[dir="rtl"] .birmand-article-breadcrumb {
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
}

[dir="rtl"] .birmand-author__links {
    align-items: flex-start;
}

[dir="rtl"] .birmand-reference-list li::before {
    text-align: start;
}

[dir="rtl"] .birmand-file-item__actions {
    justify-content: flex-start;
}

@media print {
    .pkp_page_article .birmand-article-breadcrumb,
    .pkp_page_article .birmand-article-sidebar,
    .pkp_page_article .birmand-copy-button,
    .pkp_page_article .birmand-share-list {
        display: none !important;
    }

    .pkp_page_article .pkp_structure_content {
        width: 100% !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
    }

    .birmand-article-layout {
        display: block !important;
    }

    .birmand-article-hero-card,
    .birmand-detail-card,
    .birmand-article-main > .item {
        border: 0 !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
        break-inside: avoid;
    }
}


/* Birmand v2.4.1 article compatibility corrections. */
.pkp_page_article .birmand-native-galley-list > li {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    min-width: 0;
}
.pkp_page_article .birmand-native-galley-list .obj_galley_link,
.pkp_page_article .birmand-native-galley-list .galley-link {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}
.pkp_page_article .birmand-reference-raw {
    color: #334155;
    line-height: 1.85;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
.pkp_page_article .birmand-metrics-card.is-unavailable {
    display: none !important;
}

/* ===== issues.less — v2.4.2 archive polish ===== */
/**
 * @file plugins/themes/birmandTheme/styles/issues.less
 * Birmand Journal Theme - Issue and archive pages
 */

/* Current issue badge retained for published issue pages. */
.birmand-issue-current-badge {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--birmand-space-xs);
    padding: 4px 12px;
    background: var(--birmand-gold);
    color: var(--birmand-dark-navy);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    border-radius: 100px;
    margin-bottom: var(--birmand-space-sm);
}

.birmand-issue-current-badge svg {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
}

/* ==================================================================
   Archives page
   ================================================================== */
.pkp_page_issue.pkp_op_archive .page_issue_archive {
    padding: 0;
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 0;
    background: transparent;
    box-shadow: none;
}

.birmand-archive-page {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 30px;
    min-width: 0;
}

.birmand-archive-page > .cmp_breadcrumbs {
    margin-bottom: -4px;
}

.birmand-archive-hero {
    position: relative;
    isolation: isolate;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    align-items: end;
    gap: 40px;
    overflow: hidden;
    padding: clamp(32px, 5vw, 52px);
    border: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
    border-radius: 16px;
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 92% 16%, rgba(233, 173, 37, 0.17), transparent 25%),
        linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #f7f9fc 100%);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 36px rgba(6, 38, 83, 0.07);
}

.birmand-archive-hero::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0 auto 0 0;
    width: 5px;
    background: var(--birmand-gold);
}

.birmand-archive-hero::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    z-index: -1;
    right: -72px;
    bottom: -96px;
    width: 260px;
    height: 260px;
    border: 42px solid rgba(6, 38, 83, 0.035);
    border-radius: 50%;
}

.birmand-archive-hero__content {
    max-width: 760px;
}

.birmand-archive-hero__eyebrow,
.birmand-archive-listing__eyebrow,
.birmand-archive-card__eyebrow {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    color: var(--birmand-gold-dark);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    line-height: 1.2;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.birmand-archive-hero__eyebrow::before,
.birmand-archive-listing__eyebrow::before,
.birmand-archive-card__eyebrow::before {
    content: "";
    width: 22px;
    height: 2px;
    border-radius: 2px;
    background: var(--birmand-gold);
}

.birmand-archive-hero h1 {
    margin: 14px 0 14px;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-size: clamp(2.1rem, 4.2vw, 3.35rem);
    line-height: 1.05;
    letter-spacing: -0.035em;
}

.birmand-archive-hero p {
    max-width: 690px;
    margin: 0;
    color: #516074;
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.75;
}

.birmand-archive-hero__count {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 138px;
    min-height: 118px;
    padding: 20px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(6, 38, 83, 0.1);
    border-radius: 13px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.86);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(6, 38, 83, 0.07);
    text-align: center;
    backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
}

.birmand-archive-hero__count strong {
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-size: 2.25rem;
    line-height: 1;
}

.birmand-archive-hero__count span {
    margin-top: 8px;
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.35;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.055em;
}

.birmand-archive-listing {
    padding: clamp(24px, 4vw, 38px);
    border: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
    border-radius: 16px;
    background: #ffffff;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(6, 38, 83, 0.055);
}

.birmand-archive-listing__heading {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(280px, 0.75fr);
    align-items: end;
    gap: 36px;
    margin-bottom: 28px;
    padding-bottom: 22px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e6ebf1;
}

.birmand-archive-listing__heading h2 {
    margin: 8px 0 0;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 2.6vw, 2rem);
    line-height: 1.2;
}

.birmand-archive-listing__heading > p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
    font-size: 0.94rem;
    line-height: 1.65;
}

.birmand-archive-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 24px;
    margin: 0;
}

.birmand-archive-card {
    min-width: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.birmand-archive-card:only-child {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    width: min(100%, 820px);
    justify-self: center;
}

.birmand-archive-card__link {
    position: relative;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(160px, 34%) minmax(0, 1fr);
    min-height: 286px;
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid #dce4ed;
    border-radius: 14px;
    background: #ffffff;
    box-shadow: 0 7px 22px rgba(6, 38, 83, 0.065);
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition:
        transform var(--birmand-transition-base),
        border-color var(--birmand-transition-base),
        box-shadow var(--birmand-transition-base);
}

.birmand-archive-card__link::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 2;
    inset: 0 0 auto;
    height: 4px;
    background: var(--birmand-gold);
    transform: scaleX(0);
    transform-origin: left;
    transition: transform var(--birmand-transition-base);
}

.birmand-archive-card__link:hover,
.birmand-archive-card__link:focus-visible {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    border-color: rgba(201, 141, 16, 0.55);
    box-shadow: 0 16px 34px rgba(6, 38, 83, 0.12);
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.birmand-archive-card__link:hover::before,
.birmand-archive-card__link:focus-visible::before {
    transform: scaleX(1);
}

.birmand-archive-card__link:focus-visible {
    outline: 3px solid rgba(233, 173, 37, 0.42);
    outline-offset: 3px;
}

.birmand-archive-card__visual {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    min-width: 0;
    padding: 22px;
    background: linear-gradient(150deg, #eef3f8 0%, #f8fafc 100%);
    border-inline-end: 1px solid #e1e7ee;
}

.birmand-archive-card__visual--placeholder {
    padding: 0;
    background: var(--birmand-navy);
}

.birmand-archive-card__cover {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 184px;
    max-height: 242px;
    aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
    object-fit: contain;
    border: 1px solid rgba(6, 38, 83, 0.12);
    border-radius: 7px;
    box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(6, 38, 83, 0.18);
}

.birmand-archive-cover-placeholder {
    position: relative;
    isolation: isolate;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    width: 100%;
    min-height: 100%;
    padding: 30px 24px 26px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 90% 12%, rgba(233, 173, 37, 0.23), transparent 27%),
        linear-gradient(155deg, #0b3267 0%, var(--birmand-navy) 56%, #031a3a 100%);
    color: #ffffff;
}

.birmand-archive-cover-placeholder::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    z-index: -1;
    inset: 0;
    opacity: 0.22;
    background-image:
        linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08) 1px, transparent 1px),
        linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08) 1px, transparent 1px);
    background-size: 26px 26px;
}

.birmand-archive-cover-placeholder::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    z-index: -1;
    right: -52px;
    bottom: -58px;
    width: 170px;
    height: 170px;
    border: 24px solid rgba(233, 173, 37, 0.12);
    border-radius: 50%;
}

.birmand-archive-cover-placeholder__journal {
    max-width: 150px;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
    font-size: 0.64rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    line-height: 1.35;
    letter-spacing: 0.13em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.birmand-archive-cover-placeholder__rule {
    width: 44px;
    height: 3px;
    margin: 18px 0 28px;
    border-radius: 2px;
    background: var(--birmand-gold);
}

.birmand-archive-cover-placeholder__label {
    color: var(--birmand-gold);
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    line-height: 1.2;
    letter-spacing: 0.11em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.birmand-archive-cover-placeholder strong {
    display: -webkit-box;
    margin-top: 9px;
    overflow: hidden;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2.1vw, 1.8rem);
    line-height: 1.18;
    letter-spacing: -0.025em;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
}

.birmand-archive-cover-placeholder small {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 12px;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.74);
    font-size: 0.76rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.45;
}

.birmand-archive-cover-placeholder__brand {
    position: absolute;
    right: 18px;
    bottom: 4px;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
    font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
    font-size: 6.5rem;
    line-height: 1;
}

.birmand-archive-card__body {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    min-width: 0;
    padding: 30px 28px 26px;
}

.birmand-archive-card__title {
    margin: 12px 0 8px;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2.2vw, 1.65rem);
    line-height: 1.25;
    letter-spacing: -0.018em;
}

.birmand-archive-card__series {
    margin: 0;
    color: #0b68c4;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.45;
}

.birmand-archive-card__description {
    display: -webkit-box;
    margin-top: 16px;
    overflow: hidden;
    color: #5b6879;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    line-height: 1.65;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 4;
}

.birmand-archive-card__description > :first-child {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.birmand-archive-card__description > :last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.birmand-archive-card__action {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    align-self: flex-start;
    gap: 9px;
    margin-top: auto;
    padding-top: 22px;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    line-height: 1.2;
    letter-spacing: 0.025em;
}

.birmand-archive-card__action svg {
    width: 17px;
    height: 17px;
    color: var(--birmand-gold-dark);
    transition: transform var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-archive-card__link:hover .birmand-archive-card__action svg,
.birmand-archive-card__link:focus-visible .birmand-archive-card__action svg {
    transform: translateX(4px);
}

.birmand-archive-empty {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 22px;
    padding: clamp(28px, 5vw, 44px);
    border: 1px dashed #cbd6e2;
    border-radius: 14px;
    background: #ffffff;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(6, 38, 83, 0.045);
}

.birmand-archive-empty__icon {
    flex: 0 0 62px;
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    width: 62px;
    height: 62px;
    border-radius: 14px;
    background: var(--birmand-navy);
    color: var(--birmand-gold);
}

.birmand-archive-empty__icon svg {
    width: 30px;
    height: 30px;
}

.birmand-archive-empty h2 {
    margin: 0 0 6px;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-size: 1.25rem;
}

.birmand-archive-empty p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--birmand-muted);
}

.birmand-archive-pagination {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
}

.birmand-archive-pagination:empty {
    display: none;
}

.birmand-archive-pagination .cmp_pagination {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 14px;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 12px 16px;
    border: 1px solid var(--birmand-border);
    border-radius: 10px;
    background: #ffffff;
    box-shadow: var(--birmand-shadow-sm);
}

.birmand-archive-pagination .cmp_pagination a {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    min-height: 38px;
    padding: 8px 14px;
    border-radius: 7px;
    background: var(--birmand-navy);
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.birmand-archive-pagination .cmp_pagination a:hover,
.birmand-archive-pagination .cmp_pagination a:focus-visible {
    background: #0b3b78;
    color: #ffffff;
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Tablet */
@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .birmand-archive-hero {
        gap: 24px;
    }

    .birmand-archive-listing__heading {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 12px;
    }

    .birmand-archive-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .birmand-archive-card:only-child {
        width: 100%;
    }
}

/* Mobile */
@media (max-width: 640px) {
    .pkp_page_issue.pkp_op_archive .pkp_structure_content {
        padding-top: 28px;
    }

    .birmand-archive-page {
        gap: 22px;
    }

    .birmand-archive-hero {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        align-items: start;
        gap: 22px;
        padding: 28px 24px;
        border-radius: 13px;
    }

    .birmand-archive-hero h1 {
        margin-top: 12px;
    }

    .birmand-archive-hero__count {
        flex-direction: row;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: flex-start;
        gap: 12px;
        width: auto;
        min-height: 0;
        padding: 13px 16px;
        text-align: start;
    }

    .birmand-archive-hero__count strong {
        font-size: 1.7rem;
    }

    .birmand-archive-hero__count span {
        max-width: 120px;
        margin-top: 0;
    }

    .birmand-archive-listing {
        padding: 22px 18px;
        border-radius: 13px;
    }

    .birmand-archive-listing__heading {
        margin-bottom: 20px;
        padding-bottom: 18px;
    }

    .birmand-archive-card__link {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        min-height: 0;
    }

    .birmand-archive-card__visual {
        min-height: 238px;
        border-inline-end: 0;
        border-bottom: 1px solid #e1e7ee;
    }

    .birmand-archive-card__visual--placeholder {
        min-height: 238px;
    }

    .birmand-archive-card__cover {
        max-width: 154px;
        max-height: 206px;
    }

    .birmand-archive-cover-placeholder {
        min-height: 238px;
        padding: 26px 24px;
    }

    .birmand-archive-card__body {
        min-height: 230px;
        padding: 24px 22px 22px;
    }

    .birmand-archive-empty {
        align-items: flex-start;
        padding: 26px 22px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 420px) {
    .birmand-archive-empty {
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .birmand-archive-pagination .cmp_pagination {
        flex-wrap: wrap;
    }
}

/* RTL */
[dir="rtl"] .birmand-archive-hero::before {
    right: 0;
    left: auto;
}

[dir="rtl"] .birmand-archive-card__link::before {
    transform-origin: right;
}

[dir="rtl"] .birmand-archive-card__action svg {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}

[dir="rtl"] .birmand-archive-card__link:hover .birmand-archive-card__action svg,
[dir="rtl"] .birmand-archive-card__link:focus-visible .birmand-archive-card__action svg {
    transform: rotate(180deg) translateX(4px);
}

/* ===== issue view — v2.4.3 production polish ===== */
/* ==================================================================
   Single issue page — production polish 2.4.3
   ================================================================== */
.pkp_page_issue .birmand-issue-view.page_issue {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 24px;
    min-width: 0;
    padding: 0;
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 0;
    background: transparent;
    box-shadow: none;
}

.pkp_page_issue .birmand-issue-view > .cmp_breadcrumbs {
    margin: 0 0 2px;
}

.pkp_page_issue .birmand-issue-view > .cmp_breadcrumbs ol {
    row-gap: 6px;
}

.birmand-issue-toc {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 30px;
    min-width: 0;
}

.birmand-issue-preview {
    margin-bottom: -8px;
}

.birmand-issue-hero {
    position: relative;
    isolation: isolate;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(190px, 250px) minmax(0, 1fr);
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: clamp(30px, 4vw, 54px);
    overflow: hidden;
    padding: clamp(30px, 4vw, 50px);
    border: 1px solid #dce4ed;
    border-radius: 17px;
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 94% 10%, rgba(233, 173, 37, .18), transparent 25%),
        linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #f7f9fc 100%);
    box-shadow: 0 14px 38px rgba(6, 38, 83, .075);
}

.birmand-issue-hero::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0 auto 0 0;
    width: 6px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--birmand-gold), #f4d578);
}

.birmand-issue-hero::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    z-index: -1;
    right: -96px;
    bottom: -132px;
    width: 330px;
    height: 330px;
    border: 48px solid rgba(6, 38, 83, .035);
    border-radius: 50%;
}

.birmand-issue-hero__cover-wrap {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    justify-content: center;
    min-width: 0;
}

.birmand-issue-hero__cover {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 250px;
    aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
    object-fit: cover;
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid rgba(6, 38, 83, .13);
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 18px 34px rgba(6, 38, 83, .16);
}

.birmand-issue-hero__cover--fallback {
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 24px 21px;
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 84% 12%, rgba(233, 173, 37, .34), transparent 26%),
        linear-gradient(155deg, #0c386e 0%, var(--birmand-navy) 55%, #031a3a 100%);
    color: #fff;
}

.birmand-issue-hero__cover--fallback::before,
.birmand-issue-hero__cover--fallback::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.birmand-issue-hero__cover--fallback::before {
    inset: 14px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .22);
    border-radius: 7px;
}

.birmand-issue-hero__cover--fallback::after {
    right: -34px;
    bottom: -34px;
    width: 126px;
    height: 126px;
    border: 20px solid rgba(233, 173, 37, .18);
    border-radius: 50%;
}

.birmand-issue-hero__cover-publisher,
.birmand-issue-hero__cover-journal,
.birmand-issue-hero__cover-series,
.birmand-issue-hero__cover-mark {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.birmand-issue-hero__cover-publisher {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);
    font-size: .62rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: .1em;
    line-height: 1.45;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.birmand-issue-hero__cover-mark {
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    align-self: flex-start;
    width: 58px;
    height: 58px;
    margin-top: auto;
    border-radius: 10px;
    background: var(--birmand-gold);
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-family: Georgia, serif;
    font-size: 2rem;
    line-height: 1;
    box-shadow: 0 9px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, .16);
}

.birmand-issue-hero__cover-journal {
    margin-top: 20px;
    font-size: .92rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.45;
}

.birmand-issue-hero__cover-series {
    margin-top: 8px;
    color: #f4cf6a;
    font-size: .7rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.birmand-issue-hero__content {
    align-self: center;
    min-width: 0;
    max-width: 900px;
}

.birmand-issue-hero__eyebrow,
.birmand-issue-contents__eyebrow {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 9px;
    color: var(--birmand-gold-dark);
    font-size: .74rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: .12em;
    line-height: 1.2;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.birmand-issue-hero__eyebrow::before,
.birmand-issue-contents__eyebrow::before {
    content: "";
    width: 24px;
    height: 2px;
    border-radius: 2px;
    background: var(--birmand-gold);
}

.birmand-issue-hero h1 {
    max-width: 24ch;
    margin: 14px 0 22px;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-family: var(--birmand-font-serif);
    font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.25rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: -.035em;
    line-height: 1.16;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.birmand-issue-hero__metadata {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 10px 12px;
    margin: 0;
}

.birmand-issue-meta-item {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    min-width: 0;
    padding: 10px 13px;
    border: 1px solid #e0e7ef;
    border-radius: 9px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .86);
    color: #526174;
    font-size: .82rem;
    line-height: 1.45;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(6, 38, 83, .04);
}

.birmand-issue-meta-item__icon {
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    flex: 0 0 28px;
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
    border-radius: 7px;
    background: #eef5fc;
    color: var(--birmand-blue);
}

.birmand-issue-meta-item__icon svg {
    width: 15px;
    height: 15px;
}

.birmand-issue-meta-item > span:last-child {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    min-width: 0;
}

.birmand-issue-meta-item strong {
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-size: .68rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: .045em;
    line-height: 1.25;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.birmand-issue-meta-item a {
    color: var(--birmand-blue);
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.birmand-issue-meta-item a:hover,
.birmand-issue-meta-item a:focus-visible {
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.birmand-issue-hero__description {
    max-width: 72ch;
    margin-top: 22px;
    color: #526174;
    font-size: .98rem;
    line-height: 1.75;
}

.birmand-issue-hero__description > :first-child {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.birmand-issue-hero__description > :last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.birmand-issue-hero__galleys {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px 16px;
    margin-top: 24px;
    padding-top: 22px;
    border-top: 1px solid #e4eaf1;
}

.birmand-issue-hero__galleys-label {
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-size: .78rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: .06em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.birmand-issue-hero__galleys .galleys_links,
.birmand-issue-article-card__galleys .galleys_links {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
}

.birmand-issue-hero__galleys .galleys_links > li,
.birmand-issue-article-card__galleys .galleys_links > li {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.birmand-issue-hero__galleys .obj_galley_link,
.birmand-issue-hero__galleys .obj_galley_link_supplementary {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    min-height: 42px;
    padding: 9px 17px;
    border: 1px solid var(--birmand-gold);
    border-radius: 8px;
    background: var(--birmand-gold);
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-size: .82rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    line-height: 1.2;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: transform var(--birmand-transition-fast), box-shadow var(--birmand-transition-fast), background var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-issue-hero__galleys .obj_galley_link:hover,
.birmand-issue-hero__galleys .obj_galley_link:focus-visible,
.birmand-issue-hero__galleys .obj_galley_link_supplementary:hover,
.birmand-issue-hero__galleys .obj_galley_link_supplementary:focus-visible {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    background: #f3bf45;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(201, 141, 16, .22);
}

.birmand-issue-contents {
    padding: clamp(26px, 4vw, 42px);
    border: 1px solid #dce4ed;
    border-radius: 17px;
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 11px 32px rgba(6, 38, 83, .06);
}

.birmand-issue-contents__heading {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(280px, .7fr);
    align-items: end;
    gap: 34px;
    margin-bottom: 28px;
    padding-bottom: 22px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e4eaf1;
}

.birmand-issue-contents__heading h2 {
    margin: 8px 0 0;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 2.8vw, 2.15rem);
    line-height: 1.2;
}

.birmand-issue-contents__heading > p {
    margin: 0;
    color: #617085;
    font-size: .92rem;
    line-height: 1.65;
}

.birmand-issue-sections,
.birmand-issue-section,
.birmand-issue-article-list {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.birmand-issue-section + .birmand-issue-section {
    margin-top: 34px;
}

.birmand-issue-section__title {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 11px;
    margin: 0 0 15px;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-size: 1.12rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: -.01em;
    line-height: 1.35;
}

.birmand-issue-section__title::before {
    content: "";
    flex: 0 0 4px;
    align-self: stretch;
    min-height: 24px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    background: var(--birmand-gold);
}

.birmand-issue-article-list {
    counter-reset: birmand-issue-article;
    display: grid;
    gap: 13px;
    list-style: none;
}

.birmand-issue-article-list > li {
    min-width: 0;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    counter-increment: birmand-issue-article;
}

.birmand-issue-article-card {
    position: relative;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 46px minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 18px;
    min-width: 0;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 22px 22px 22px 18px;
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid #e0e7ef;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 17px rgba(6, 38, 83, .045);
    transition: transform var(--birmand-transition-base), border-color var(--birmand-transition-base), box-shadow var(--birmand-transition-base), background var(--birmand-transition-base);
}

.birmand-issue-article-card::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0 auto 0 0;
    width: 3px;
    background: var(--birmand-gold);
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity var(--birmand-transition-base);
}

.birmand-issue-article-card:hover,
.birmand-issue-article-card:focus-within {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    border-color: rgba(201, 141, 16, .43);
    background: #fdfefe;
    box-shadow: 0 12px 26px rgba(6, 38, 83, .09);
}

.birmand-issue-article-card:hover::after,
.birmand-issue-article-card:focus-within::after {
    opacity: 1;
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__number {
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    align-self: start;
    width: 46px;
    height: 46px;
    border: 1px solid #dbe5ef;
    border-radius: 11px;
    background: #f3f7fb;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-size: .84rem;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__number::before {
    content: counter(birmand-issue-article, decimal-leading-zero);
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__content {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 18px;
    min-width: 0;
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__cover {
    flex: 0 0 76px;
    width: 76px;
    margin: 0;
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__cover a,
.birmand-issue-article-card__cover img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__cover img {
    aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
    object-fit: cover;
    border: 1px solid #dce4ed;
    border-radius: 7px;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(6, 38, 83, .11);
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__body {
    min-width: 0;
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__title {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.45vw, 1.13rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: -.012em;
    line-height: 1.48;
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__title a {
    display: inline;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    text-decoration: none;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__title .subtitle {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 5px;
    color: #526174;
    font-size: .92em;
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__title-arrow {
    display: inline-flex;
    width: 17px;
    height: 17px;
    margin-inline-start: 6px;
    color: var(--birmand-gold-dark);
    vertical-align: -3px;
    transition: transform var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__title-arrow svg {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__title a:hover,
.birmand-issue-article-card__title a:focus-visible {
    color: var(--birmand-blue);
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__title a:hover .birmand-issue-article-card__title-arrow,
.birmand-issue-article-card__title a:focus-visible .birmand-issue-article-card__title-arrow {
    transform: translateX(4px);
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__meta {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 9px 18px;
    margin-top: 12px;
    color: #607087;
    font-size: .8rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__meta-item {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 7px;
    min-width: 0;
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__meta-item svg {
    flex: 0 0 15px;
    width: 15px;
    height: 15px;
    margin-top: 2px;
    color: var(--birmand-blue);
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__meta-item span {
    min-width: 0;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__galleys {
    min-width: 0;
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__extensions {
    grid-column: 2 / -1;
    min-width: 0;
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__extensions:empty {
    display: none;
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__galleys .galleys_links {
    justify-content: flex-end;
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__galleys .obj_galley_link,
.birmand-issue-article-card__galleys .obj_galley_link_supplementary {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    min-width: 64px;
    min-height: 38px;
    padding: 8px 13px;
    border: 1px solid var(--birmand-gold);
    border-radius: 8px;
    background: #fffaf0;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-size: .78rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    line-height: 1.2;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: transform var(--birmand-transition-fast), background var(--birmand-transition-fast), box-shadow var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__galleys .obj_galley_link:hover,
.birmand-issue-article-card__galleys .obj_galley_link:focus-visible,
.birmand-issue-article-card__galleys .obj_galley_link_supplementary:hover,
.birmand-issue-article-card__galleys .obj_galley_link_supplementary:focus-visible {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    background: var(--birmand-gold);
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    box-shadow: 0 7px 15px rgba(201, 141, 16, .18);
}

.birmand-issue-article-card__galleys .restricted {
    border-color: #d4dbe4;
    background: #f6f8fb;
    color: #526174;
}

.birmand-issue-empty,
.birmand-issue-no-articles {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 20px;
    padding: 30px;
    border: 1px dashed #cad5e1;
    border-radius: 13px;
    background: #f8fafc;
}

.birmand-issue-empty {
    margin-top: 6px;
}

.birmand-issue-empty__icon,
.birmand-issue-no-articles__icon {
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    flex: 0 0 54px;
    width: 54px;
    height: 54px;
    border-radius: 13px;
    background: #eef4fa;
    color: var(--birmand-blue);
}

.birmand-issue-empty__icon svg,
.birmand-issue-no-articles__icon svg {
    width: 25px;
    height: 25px;
}

.birmand-issue-empty h1,
.birmand-issue-no-articles h3 {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--birmand-navy);
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    line-height: 1.35;
}

.birmand-issue-empty p,
.birmand-issue-no-articles p {
    margin: 6px 0 0;
    color: #607087;
    line-height: 1.65;
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .birmand-issue-hero {
        grid-template-columns: minmax(170px, 210px) minmax(0, 1fr);
        gap: 34px;
    }

    .birmand-issue-article-card {
        grid-template-columns: 42px minmax(0, 1fr);
    }

    .birmand-issue-article-card__number {
        width: 42px;
        height: 42px;
    }

    .birmand-issue-article-card__galleys {
        grid-column: 2;
    }

    .birmand-issue-article-card__galleys .galleys_links {
        justify-content: flex-start;
        margin-top: 4px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
    .pkp_page_issue .birmand-issue-view.page_issue,
    .birmand-issue-toc {
        gap: 22px;
    }

    .birmand-issue-hero {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 26px;
        padding: 30px 24px;
        border-radius: 14px;
    }

    .birmand-issue-hero__cover {
        max-width: 190px;
    }

    .birmand-issue-hero__content {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .birmand-issue-hero h1 {
        max-width: none;
        margin-bottom: 18px;
    }

    .birmand-issue-contents {
        padding: 26px 20px;
        border-radius: 14px;
    }

    .birmand-issue-contents__heading {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 12px;
        margin-bottom: 22px;
        padding-bottom: 19px;
    }

    .birmand-issue-article-card {
        grid-template-columns: 38px minmax(0, 1fr);
        gap: 14px;
        padding: 18px 16px 18px 14px;
    }

    .birmand-issue-article-card__number {
        width: 38px;
        height: 38px;
        border-radius: 9px;
        font-size: .76rem;
    }

    .birmand-issue-article-card__content {
        gap: 14px;
    }

    .birmand-issue-article-card__cover {
        flex-basis: 64px;
        width: 64px;
    }

    .birmand-issue-article-card__galleys {
        grid-column: 2;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 520px) {
    .birmand-issue-hero__metadata {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .birmand-issue-meta-item {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .birmand-issue-hero__galleys {
        align-items: flex-start;
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .birmand-issue-article-card {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 13px;
        padding: 18px;
    }

    .birmand-issue-article-card__number {
        width: 36px;
        height: 36px;
    }

    .birmand-issue-article-card__content,
    .birmand-issue-article-card__galleys,
    .birmand-issue-article-card__extensions {
        grid-column: 1;
    }

    .birmand-issue-article-card__content {
        align-items: flex-start;
    }

    .birmand-issue-article-card__cover {
        flex-basis: 58px;
        width: 58px;
    }

    .birmand-issue-empty,
    .birmand-issue-no-articles {
        align-items: flex-start;
        padding: 24px 20px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 390px) {
    .birmand-issue-article-card__content {
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .birmand-issue-article-card__cover {
        width: 74px;
    }

    .birmand-issue-empty,
    .birmand-issue-no-articles {
        flex-direction: column;
    }
}

[dir="rtl"] .birmand-issue-hero::before,
[dir="rtl"] .birmand-issue-article-card::after {
    right: 0;
    left: auto;
}

[dir="rtl"] .birmand-issue-hero::after {
    right: auto;
    left: -96px;
}

[dir="rtl"] .birmand-issue-article-card__title-arrow {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}

[dir="rtl"] .birmand-issue-article-card__title a:hover .birmand-issue-article-card__title-arrow,
[dir="rtl"] .birmand-issue-article-card__title a:focus-visible .birmand-issue-article-card__title-arrow {
    transform: rotate(180deg) translateX(4px);
}

@media print {
    .pkp_page_issue .birmand-issue-view > .cmp_breadcrumbs,
    .birmand-issue-hero__galleys,
    .birmand-issue-article-card__galleys,
    .birmand-issue-article-card__title-arrow {
        display: none !important;
    }

    .birmand-issue-hero,
    .birmand-issue-contents,
    .birmand-issue-article-card {
        border-color: #bbb !important;
        box-shadow: none !important;
    }

    .birmand-issue-article-card {
        break-inside: avoid;
    }
}



/* v2.4.8: Native OJS primary navigation menu compatibility */
.birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list,
.birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list ul {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding-left: 0;
}

.birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li {
    position: relative;
    margin: 0;
}

.birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li > a {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 4px;
    height: var(--birmand-nav-height);
    padding: 0 var(--birmand-space-md);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,.92);
    font-size: .9375rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    text-decoration: none;
    white-space: nowrap;
    position: relative;
    transition: color var(--birmand-transition-fast), background-color var(--birmand-transition-fast), transform var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li > a:hover,
.birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li > a:focus {
    color: var(--birmand-white);
    background: rgba(255,255,255,.06);
    text-decoration: none;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li > a:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--birmand-gold);
    outline-offset: -3px;
}

.birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li > a[aria-current="page"]::after,
.birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li.current > a::after,
.birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li.active > a::after,
.birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li > a.birmand-nav__link--active::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: var(--birmand-space-md);
    right: var(--birmand-space-md);
    bottom: 4px;
    height: 2px;
    background: var(--birmand-gold);
    border-radius: 1px;
}

.birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li > ul {
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 0;
    min-width: 230px;
    max-width: 340px;
    background: var(--birmand-dark-navy);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1);
    border-radius: 0 0 var(--birmand-radius) var(--birmand-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--birmand-shadow-hover);
    padding: var(--birmand-space-sm);
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    transition: opacity var(--birmand-transition-fast), visibility var(--birmand-transition-fast), transform var(--birmand-transition-fast);
    z-index: 70;
}

.birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li:hover > ul,
.birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li:focus-within > ul {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li > ul li {
    margin: 0;
    position: relative;
}

.birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li > ul a {
    display: block;
    padding: 10px 14px;
    border-radius: var(--birmand-radius);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,.86);
    font-size: .9375rem;
    line-height: 1.35;
    text-decoration: none;
    white-space: normal;
}

.birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li > ul a:hover,
.birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li > ul a:focus {
    color: var(--birmand-white);
    background: rgba(255,255,255,.08);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.birmand-nav__chevron {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    opacity: .75;
    transition: transform var(--birmand-transition-fast);
}

.birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li:hover > a .birmand-nav__chevron,
.birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li:focus-within > a .birmand-nav__chevron {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li > a {
        width: 100%;
        height: auto;
        min-height: 48px;
        padding: 12px 20px;
        justify-content: space-between;
    }

    .birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li > a[aria-current="page"]::after,
    .birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li.current > a::after,
    .birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li.active > a::after,
    .birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li > a.birmand-nav__link--active::after {
        left: 20px;
        right: auto;
        width: 32px;
        bottom: 5px;
    }

    .birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li > ul {
        position: static;
        min-width: 0;
        max-width: none;
        width: 100%;
        border: 0;
        border-radius: 0;
        box-shadow: none;
        background: rgba(0,0,0,.12);
        padding: 0 12px;
        max-height: 0;
        overflow: hidden;
        opacity: 1;
        visibility: visible;
        transform: none;
        transition: max-height .24s ease, padding .24s ease;
    }

    .birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li.is-open > ul {
        max-height: 720px;
        padding-top: 6px;
        padding-bottom: 8px;
    }

    .birmand-nav__menu.pkp_nav_list > li.is-open > a .birmand-nav__chevron {
        transform: rotate(180deg);
    }
}

/* ================================================================
   Birmand Editorial Masthead — v2.4.12
   Structured OJS-native member profiles: photo, name, affiliation,
   verified ORCID and service year. Membership logic remains native.
   ================================================================ */
.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .pkp_structure_content{width:min(1180px,calc(100% - 40px));padding-top:48px;padding-bottom:72px}
.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .pkp_structure_main{width:100%;min-width:0}
.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .birmand-masthead{position:relative;width:100%;max-width:1080px;margin:0 auto;padding:clamp(28px,4vw,52px);overflow:hidden;background:radial-gradient(circle at 100% 0,rgba(233,173,37,.08),transparent 260px),#fff;border:1px solid #dfe6ef;border-radius:16px;box-shadow:0 14px 38px rgba(6,38,83,.07)}
.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .birmand-masthead:before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0 auto 0 0;width:4px;background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--birmand-gold),rgba(233,173,37,.16))}
.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .cmp_breadcrumbs{margin:0 0 28px}
.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .cmp_breadcrumbs ol{gap:7px;color:#728096;font-size:.88rem;font-weight:500}
.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .cmp_breadcrumbs a{color:var(--birmand-blue);font-weight:600;text-decoration:none}
.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .cmp_breadcrumbs a:hover,.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .cmp_breadcrumbs a:focus{color:var(--birmand-navy);text-decoration:underline}
.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .birmand-masthead__header h1{position:relative;margin:0 0 42px;padding:0 0 20px;color:var(--birmand-navy);font-size:clamp(2.15rem,4vw,3rem);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.025em;line-height:1.08}
.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .birmand-masthead__header h1:after{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;width:68px;height:4px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--birmand-gold)}
.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .birmand-masthead__role>h2{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin:34px 0 18px;color:var(--birmand-navy);font-size:clamp(1.3rem,2.2vw,1.65rem);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.015em;line-height:1.25}
.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .birmand-masthead__role>h2:before{content:"";width:5px;height:26px;flex:0 0 5px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--birmand-gold)}
.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .birmand-masthead__grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:18px;margin:0 0 32px;padding:0;list-style:none}
.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .birmand-masthead__member{min-width:0;min-height:138px;margin:0;padding:20px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:88px minmax(0,1fr);align-items:center;gap:20px;color:#26354d;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fbfcfe 0%,#f6f9fc 100%);border:1px solid #dfe6ef;border-radius:14px;box-shadow:0 3px 12px rgba(6,38,83,.035);transition:border-color .18s ease,box-shadow .18s ease,transform .18s ease}
.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .birmand-masthead__member:before{content:none;display:none}
.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .birmand-masthead__member:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);border-color:rgba(233,173,37,.72);box-shadow:0 10px 24px rgba(6,38,83,.08)}
.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .birmand-masthead__avatar{width:88px;height:88px;overflow:hidden;border:3px solid #fff;border-radius:50%;background:#edf4fa;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(9,111,199,.16),0 5px 16px rgba(6,38,83,.11)}
.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .birmand-masthead__avatar img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;object-position:center}
.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .birmand-masthead__avatar-fallback{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;background-color:#edf4fa;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center;background-size:40px 40px;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='none' stroke='%23062653' stroke-width='1.45' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'%3E%3Ccircle cx='12' cy='8' r='3.5'/%3E%3Cpath d='M5 20c.7-4 3-6 7-6s6.3 2 7 6'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}
.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .birmand-masthead__member-body{min-width:0}
.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .birmand-masthead__identity{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-bottom:7px}
.pkp_page_about.pkp_op_editorialMasthead .birmand-masthead__name{min-width:0;color:var(--birmand-navy);font-size:1.04rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.35;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
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